http://wiki.mohid.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Jauch&feedformat=atomMohidWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T17:55:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.28.0http://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=SNIRH_Meteorological_Stations&diff=6404SNIRH Meteorological Stations2012-11-28T14:40:50Z<p>Jauch: Created page with "One useful source of meteorological data (to Portugal) to use as input on Mohid is [SNIRH] website. There are many stations with historical data available, at least for precipit..."</p>
<hr />
<div>One useful source of meteorological data (to Portugal) to use as input on Mohid is [SNIRH] website. <br />
There are many stations with historical data available, at least for precipitation and wind speed, but sometimes for solar radiation, humidity and air temperature can also be found.<br />
<br />
The most common data will have a daily interval. This means that you will find a single value for the property for each day. This values, in the case of precipitation, is the accumulated rain between the 00:00 hours and 23:59:59 hours of each day (indicated in the "Data" column).<br />
<br />
To use this information as input to mohid, as a TIMESERIES, it's necessary to change the start date by 1 day, to reflect the way the MOHID interprets information on timeseries (from the date to backwards)</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_DrainageNetwork&diff=4463Module DrainageNetwork2011-03-15T16:26:59Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Overview=<br />
<br />
This module can be used by two models: [[Mohid_Land|MOHID Land]], and [[Mohid_River_Network|MOHID River Network]]. Like other modules, it has a specific input file, called '''DrainageNetwork_X.dat''', where X is the simulation number. The following tables describe the keywords that can be used, their data type, and the default values (in case of omission).<br />
<br />
==DrainageNetwork_X.dat Keywords==<br />
<br />
===General===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
NETWORK_FILE : char - !Path to drainage network file<br />
CHECK_NODES : 0/1 [1] !Ckeck nodes consistency<br />
CHECK_REACHES : 0/1 [1] !Check reaches consistency<br />
GLOBAL_MANNING : real - !Rugosity in Channels<br />
GEO_CONVERSATION_FACTOR : real [1.] !Lat to Meters rough estimation<br />
<br />
===Stabilization===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
STABILIZE : 0/1 [0] !Restart time iteration if high volume gradients<br />
STABILIZE_FACTOR : real [0.1] !max gradient in time steps as fraction of old volume<br />
MAX_ITERATIONS : int [100] !Max iterations for stabilized check<br />
DT_FACTOR : real [0.8] !Factor for DT Prediction<br />
MAX_DT_FLOOD : real [10.0] !Max DT if channel water level exceeds full bank<br />
<br />
===Hydrodynamic===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
HYDRODYNAMIC_APROX : int [1] !1 - KinematicWave, 2 - DiffusionWave, 3 - DynamicWave<br />
NUMERICAL_SCHEME : int [0] !0 - ExplicitScheme, 1 - ImplicitScheme<br />
MASS_ERR : real(8) [0.001] !Max error in mass conservation<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.001] !Min water depth in nodes (For h < MIN_WATER_DEPTH water stops flowing)<br />
INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.0] !Initial water depth<br />
MINIMUM_SLOPE : real [0.0] !Minimum Slope for Kinematic Wave<br />
<br />
===Downstream Boundary===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY : int [1] !0 - Dam, 1 - ZDG, 2 - CD, 3 - ImposedWaterDepth, 3 - ImposedVelocity<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : real - !Default value at downstream boundary<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : char [NONE] !If DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY = ImposedWaterDepth, this can be NONE or TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : char - !If FILE_IN_TIME = TIMESERIE, this is the name of timeserie file for the downstream boundary<br />
DATA_COLUMN : int - !Number of column with data in FILE_IN_TIME<br />
<br />
===Output===<br />
<br />
Output is given for all nodes in HDF5 format, and also as time series for the specified nodes in TIME_SERIE_LOCATION file. These nodes are identified by their IDS (see Network file) and have to be inside the block '''<BeginNodeTimeSerie> / <EndNodeTimeSerie>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
OUTPUT_TIME : int int... [-] !time interval between outputs for all nodes, in HDF5 format.<br />
TIME_SERIE_LOCATION : char - !Path to time serie file with the specified nodes (can be this file)<br />
MAX_BUFFER_SIZE : 1000<br />
COMPUTE_RESIDUAL : 1<br />
DT_OUTPUT_TIME : 1200<br />
TIME_SERIE_BY_NODES : 0/1 [0] !Keyword to see if the user wants the time series to be written by nodes, i.e.,<br />
!One file per node, with all variables in the headers list<br />
!if FALSE, its one file per variable with nodes in the headers.<br />
<br />
===Processes===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH_PROCESS : real [0.01] !Water Quality Process / Surface Fluxes shutdown<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !Use module discharges (WWTP, etc)<br />
TRANSMISSION_LOSSES : 0/1 [0] !If user wants to use transmission losses<br />
HYDRAULIC_CONDUCTIVITY : real - !Hydraulic Conductivity to calculate transmission losses<br />
REMOVE_OVERTOP : 0/1 [0] !Removes Water if channels are overtoped<br />
AERATION_METHOD : int [-] !1 - PoolAndRifle, 2 - ChannelControled_<br />
T90_DECAY_MODEL : 0 [1] !0 - Constant, 1 - Canteras, 2 - Chapra<br />
T90 : real [7200.] !if T90_DECAY_MODEL = Constant<br />
SHADING_FACTOR : real [1.] !0-1 fraction of riparian shading<br />
FRACTION_SEDIMENT : 0/1 [0]<br />
GLOBAL_TOXICITY : char ['SUM'] !Global Toxicity Computation Method : SUM,MAX,RISKRATIO<br />
<br />
<br />
===Properties===<br />
<br />
Each property keywords must be inside a block '''<beginproperty>/<endproperty>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : char [-] !Property name, must be on of [[Properties_names]]<br />
UNITS : char [-] !usually mg/L (see IS_COEF)<br />
IS_COEF : real [1.e-3] !Conversion factor to the International System<br />
DESCRIPTION : char [-] !Property description<br />
DEFAULT_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property initial concentration<br />
MIN_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property minimum concentration<br />
OVERLAND_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from overland<br />
GROUNDWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from ground water<br />
DIFFUSEWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0]<br />
ADVECTION_DIFUSION : 0/1 [1] !1 - want to transport property; 0 - no transport<br />
ADVECTION_SCHEME : int [1] !1 - UpwindOrder1 (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSION_SCHEME : int [5] !5 - CentralDiff (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSIVITY : real [1e-8] !Molecular diffusivity of property in m2/s<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !1 - property is discharged; 0 - no discharges<br />
TOXICITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - property has an associated toxicity <br />
TOX_EVOLUTION : int [1] !1 - Saturation, 2 - Linear, 3 - RiskRatio<br />
EC50 : real [0.5] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Saturation or RiskRatio,<br />
!EC50 is the concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
!in fraction of initial concentration units [%]<br />
SLOPE : real [1.0] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Linear<br />
DECAY : 0/1 [0] !1- want to use bacterial decay model. 0 - no use. Must have DISCHARGES = 1 and [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
SURFACE_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has surface fluxes (e.g. evaporation). Needs [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
BOTTOM_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has bottom fluxes. Must be [[Properties_names|particulate]].<br />
BOTTOM_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Initial Concentration<br />
BOTTOM_MIN_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Minimum Concentration<br />
EROSION : 0/1 [1] !Compute erosion fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_EROSION : real [0.2] !Critical Erosion Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
EROSION_COEF : real [5.0E-4] !Erosion Coefficient [kg m-2 s-1]<br />
DEPOSITION : 0/1 [1] !Compute deposition fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_DEPOSITION : real [0.1] !Critical Deposition Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
CHS : real [4.0] !Hindered settling [kg m-3] - See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WS_TYPE : int [1] !Settling type: WSConstant = 1, SPMFunction = 2<br />
WS_VALUE : real [0.0001] !Constant settling velocity [m s-1]<br />
KL : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
KL1 : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
ML : real [4.62] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
M : real [1.0] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WATER_QUALITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_WaterQuality|Water Quality Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
BENTHOS : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Benthos|Benthos Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
CEQUALW2 : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_CEQUALW2|CEQUALW2 Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
LIFE : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Life|Life Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
EXTINCTION_PARAMETER : real [1.0] !LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT<br />
TIME_SERIE : 0/1 [0] !Output this property in time series files.<br />
OUTPUT_NAME : char [NAME] !Can be NAME or DESCRIPTION.<br />
COMPUTE_LOAD : 0/1 [0] !Output concentration (in UNITS) x Flow [m3 s-1]<br />
SUMTOTALCONC : 0/1 [0] 0 !Checks if user wants to calculate total Concentration (Column + Bottom).<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
====Toxicity Model====<br />
*The formulation is to associate an eco-toxiciy value to the property (From project ECORIVER 2002).<br />
*Every toxic property must be discharged.<br />
*Its concentration in the river network is set to 0.0.<br />
*Discharge concentration must be equal to 1, because we are measuring the dilution D = 1 - C_new / C_ini<br />
*The variable property%toxicity%concentration represents C/c_ini so it starts by being 1.<br />
*This is not even close to a final version. For more details, or sugestions/corrections, contact MARETEC (Rosa Trancoso).<br />
*EC50 - Concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
<br />
==Network file==<br />
<br />
The Network file specified in '''NETWORK_FILE''' keyword has two types of blocks:<br />
* '''<BeginNode>/ <EndNode>'''<br />
* '''<BeginReach>/<EndReach>'''<br />
<br />
===Keywords===<br />
<br />
<BeginNode><br />
ID : int - !Node ID number<br />
COORDINATES : real real - !Node coordinates<br />
GRID_I : int - !I position of node, if grid<br />
GRID_J : int - !J position of node, if grid<br />
TERRAIN_LEVEL : real - !Bottom level of cross section<br />
MANNING_CHANNEL : real GLOBAL_MANNING !Node rugosity<br />
WATER_DEPTH : real INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH !Node initial water depth<br />
CROSS_SECTION_TYPE : int [1] !1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood, 3 - Tabular<br />
1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
BOTTOM_WIDTH : real - !Bottom width of cross section<br />
TOP_WIDTH : real - !Top width of cross section<br />
HEIGHT : real - !Max height of cross section<br />
2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
MIDDLE_WIDTH : real - !Middle width of cross section<br />
MIDDLE_HEIGHT : real - !Middle height of cross section<br />
3 - Tabular<br />
N_STATIONS : integer - !number os stations that define the cross section<br />
STATION : real real ... - !station values<br />
ELEVATION/LEVEL : real real ... - !elevation values<br />
<EndNode><br />
<BeginReach><br />
ID : int - !Reach ID Number<br />
DOWNSTREAM_NODE : int - !Downstream node ID<br />
UPSTREAM_NODE : int - !Upstream node ID<br />
<EndReach><br />
<br />
===Creating a Network file===<br />
<br />
*Obtain a drainage network with MOHID GIS in [[MOHID_GIS#Delineate_Basins|Delineate Basins]]<br />
*Alternatively obtain a drainage network with program BasinDelimiter (from SourceSafe) with a '''basin.dat''' file such as:<br />
<br />
TOPOGRAPHIC_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DTM\MDT200mSD.dat<br />
TRESHOLD_AREA : 100000<br />
DELINEATE_BASIN : 1<br />
OUTLET_I : 1<br />
OUTLET_J : 44<br />
WRITE_REACHES : 1<br />
REACHES_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DrainageNetwork\DrainageNetwork.dnt<br />
<br />
*Define the cross sections for each node (see [[Mohid_GIS#Auto_Cross_Sections|MOHID GIS]]). <br />
**'''Warning 1''': Remember to select "Save All" in MOHID GIS to update the file.<br />
**'''Warning 2''': Currently, this program writes a BOTTOM_LEVEL keyword for each node instead of the keyword TERRAIN_LEVEL needed by the Drainage Network module. BOTTOM_LEVEL was replaced by TERRAIN_LEVEL in the latest version of this module because of the introduction of the tabular (irregular) cross-section type, generalizing the formulation of cross-sections. The pre-processor tool is not yet adapted. Nevertheless, for regular cross-sections, TERRAIN LEVEL = BOTTOM_LEVEL + HEIGHT. It can be changed manually or with this perl script [http://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B_xtWE4qvkq8Y2FhNjk5NTQtZTdhZC00N2I1LWE3Y2YtM2QwYzIyMjhhZDRj&sort=name&layout=list&num=50].<br />
<br />
<br />
===Irregular Cross Section===<br />
<br />
It's possible to create an irregular cross section setting the CROSS_SECTION_TYPE to 3 (Tabular).<br />
The N_STATIONS is the number of "points" that will be used. A minimun of 3 points is needed, to make a triangular cross section.<br />
The STATION keyword is where you put the horizontal distance of the point to the origin point.<br />
The ELEVATION/LEVEL is where you put the vertical distances. The first and the last point must be at the same elevation (same values).<br />
The LEVEL is currently the distance from the bottom of the channel to the point.<br />
<br />
Observe the irregular cross section image below:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Irregular cross section image.jpg|center]]<br />
<br />
The numbers represent each point, the upper case letters represent the horizontal pointers position and the lower case letters represent the pointers level (red dashed lines).<br />
<br />
If the horizontal distances are like this:<br />
<br />
A - B = 1.0 m<br />
<br />
B - C = 2.5 m<br />
<br />
C - D = 2.2 m<br />
<br />
D - E = 2.5 m<br />
<br />
E - F = 0.8 m<br />
<br />
And if the LEVELS are:<br />
<br />
a = 3.0 m<br />
<br />
b = 1.3 m<br />
<br />
c = 1.0 m<br />
<br />
d = 0.0 m<br />
<br />
e = 1.2 m<br />
<br />
f = 3.0 m<br />
<br />
The cross section of a node can be represented like this:<br />
<br />
<BeginNode><br />
...<br />
CROSS_SECTION_TYPE : 3<br />
N_STATIONS : 6 <br />
STATION : 0.0 1.0 3.5 5.7 8.2 9.0<br />
LEVEL : 3.0 1.3 1.0 0.0 1.2 3.0<br />
<EndNode><br />
<br />
Note that the STATION distances are always relative to the origen, so, the distance from point C to A is the sum of the A-B and B-C distances and so on.</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=File%3AIrregular_cross_section_image.jpg&diff=4462File:Irregular cross section image.jpg2011-03-15T16:16:07Z<p>Jauch: uploaded a new version of "Image:Irregular cross section image.jpg"</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_DrainageNetwork&diff=4461Module DrainageNetwork2011-03-15T16:06:44Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
=Overview=<br />
<br />
This module can be used by two models: [[Mohid_Land|MOHID Land]], and [[Mohid_River_Network|MOHID River Network]]. Like other modules, it has a specific input file, called '''DrainageNetwork_X.dat''', where X is the simulation number. The following tables describe the keywords that can be used, their data type, and the default values (in case of omission).<br />
<br />
==DrainageNetwork_X.dat Keywords==<br />
<br />
===General===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
NETWORK_FILE : char - !Path to drainage network file<br />
CHECK_NODES : 0/1 [1] !Ckeck nodes consistency<br />
CHECK_REACHES : 0/1 [1] !Check reaches consistency<br />
GLOBAL_MANNING : real - !Rugosity in Channels<br />
GEO_CONVERSATION_FACTOR : real [1.] !Lat to Meters rough estimation<br />
<br />
===Stabilization===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
STABILIZE : 0/1 [0] !Restart time iteration if high volume gradients<br />
STABILIZE_FACTOR : real [0.1] !max gradient in time steps as fraction of old volume<br />
MAX_ITERATIONS : int [100] !Max iterations for stabilized check<br />
DT_FACTOR : real [0.8] !Factor for DT Prediction<br />
MAX_DT_FLOOD : real [10.0] !Max DT if channel water level exceeds full bank<br />
<br />
===Hydrodynamic===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
HYDRODYNAMIC_APROX : int [1] !1 - KinematicWave, 2 - DiffusionWave, 3 - DynamicWave<br />
NUMERICAL_SCHEME : int [0] !0 - ExplicitScheme, 1 - ImplicitScheme<br />
MASS_ERR : real(8) [0.001] !Max error in mass conservation<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.001] !Min water depth in nodes (For h < MIN_WATER_DEPTH water stops flowing)<br />
INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.0] !Initial water depth<br />
MINIMUM_SLOPE : real [0.0] !Minimum Slope for Kinematic Wave<br />
<br />
===Downstream Boundary===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY : int [1] !0 - Dam, 1 - ZDG, 2 - CD, 3 - ImposedWaterDepth, 3 - ImposedVelocity<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : real - !Default value at downstream boundary<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : char [NONE] !If DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY = ImposedWaterDepth, this can be NONE or TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : char - !If FILE_IN_TIME = TIMESERIE, this is the name of timeserie file for the downstream boundary<br />
DATA_COLUMN : int - !Number of column with data in FILE_IN_TIME<br />
<br />
===Output===<br />
<br />
Output is given for all nodes in HDF5 format, and also as time series for the specified nodes in TIME_SERIE_LOCATION file. These nodes are identified by their IDS (see Network file) and have to be inside the block '''<BeginNodeTimeSerie> / <EndNodeTimeSerie>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
OUTPUT_TIME : int int... [-] !time interval between outputs for all nodes, in HDF5 format.<br />
TIME_SERIE_LOCATION : char - !Path to time serie file with the specified nodes (can be this file)<br />
MAX_BUFFER_SIZE : 1000<br />
COMPUTE_RESIDUAL : 1<br />
DT_OUTPUT_TIME : 1200<br />
TIME_SERIE_BY_NODES : 0/1 [0] !Keyword to see if the user wants the time series to be written by nodes, i.e.,<br />
!One file per node, with all variables in the headers list<br />
!if FALSE, its one file per variable with nodes in the headers.<br />
<br />
===Processes===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH_PROCESS : real [0.01] !Water Quality Process / Surface Fluxes shutdown<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !Use module discharges (WWTP, etc)<br />
TRANSMISSION_LOSSES : 0/1 [0] !If user wants to use transmission losses<br />
HYDRAULIC_CONDUCTIVITY : real - !Hydraulic Conductivity to calculate transmission losses<br />
REMOVE_OVERTOP : 0/1 [0] !Removes Water if channels are overtoped<br />
AERATION_METHOD : int [-] !1 - PoolAndRifle, 2 - ChannelControled_<br />
T90_DECAY_MODEL : 0 [1] !0 - Constant, 1 - Canteras, 2 - Chapra<br />
T90 : real [7200.] !if T90_DECAY_MODEL = Constant<br />
SHADING_FACTOR : real [1.] !0-1 fraction of riparian shading<br />
FRACTION_SEDIMENT : 0/1 [0]<br />
GLOBAL_TOXICITY : char ['SUM'] !Global Toxicity Computation Method : SUM,MAX,RISKRATIO<br />
<br />
<br />
===Properties===<br />
<br />
Each property keywords must be inside a block '''<beginproperty>/<endproperty>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : char [-] !Property name, must be on of [[Properties_names]]<br />
UNITS : char [-] !usually mg/L (see IS_COEF)<br />
IS_COEF : real [1.e-3] !Conversion factor to the International System<br />
DESCRIPTION : char [-] !Property description<br />
DEFAULT_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property initial concentration<br />
MIN_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property minimum concentration<br />
OVERLAND_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from overland<br />
GROUNDWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from ground water<br />
DIFFUSEWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0]<br />
ADVECTION_DIFUSION : 0/1 [1] !1 - want to transport property; 0 - no transport<br />
ADVECTION_SCHEME : int [1] !1 - UpwindOrder1 (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSION_SCHEME : int [5] !5 - CentralDiff (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSIVITY : real [1e-8] !Molecular diffusivity of property in m2/s<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !1 - property is discharged; 0 - no discharges<br />
TOXICITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - property has an associated toxicity <br />
TOX_EVOLUTION : int [1] !1 - Saturation, 2 - Linear, 3 - RiskRatio<br />
EC50 : real [0.5] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Saturation or RiskRatio,<br />
!EC50 is the concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
!in fraction of initial concentration units [%]<br />
SLOPE : real [1.0] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Linear<br />
DECAY : 0/1 [0] !1- want to use bacterial decay model. 0 - no use. Must have DISCHARGES = 1 and [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
SURFACE_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has surface fluxes (e.g. evaporation). Needs [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
BOTTOM_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has bottom fluxes. Must be [[Properties_names|particulate]].<br />
BOTTOM_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Initial Concentration<br />
BOTTOM_MIN_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Minimum Concentration<br />
EROSION : 0/1 [1] !Compute erosion fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_EROSION : real [0.2] !Critical Erosion Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
EROSION_COEF : real [5.0E-4] !Erosion Coefficient [kg m-2 s-1]<br />
DEPOSITION : 0/1 [1] !Compute deposition fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_DEPOSITION : real [0.1] !Critical Deposition Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
CHS : real [4.0] !Hindered settling [kg m-3] - See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WS_TYPE : int [1] !Settling type: WSConstant = 1, SPMFunction = 2<br />
WS_VALUE : real [0.0001] !Constant settling velocity [m s-1]<br />
KL : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
KL1 : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
ML : real [4.62] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
M : real [1.0] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WATER_QUALITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_WaterQuality|Water Quality Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
BENTHOS : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Benthos|Benthos Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
CEQUALW2 : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_CEQUALW2|CEQUALW2 Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
LIFE : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Life|Life Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
EXTINCTION_PARAMETER : real [1.0] !LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT<br />
TIME_SERIE : 0/1 [0] !Output this property in time series files.<br />
OUTPUT_NAME : char [NAME] !Can be NAME or DESCRIPTION.<br />
COMPUTE_LOAD : 0/1 [0] !Output concentration (in UNITS) x Flow [m3 s-1]<br />
SUMTOTALCONC : 0/1 [0] 0 !Checks if user wants to calculate total Concentration (Column + Bottom).<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
====Toxicity Model====<br />
*The formulation is to associate an eco-toxiciy value to the property (From project ECORIVER 2002).<br />
*Every toxic property must be discharged.<br />
*Its concentration in the river network is set to 0.0.<br />
*Discharge concentration must be equal to 1, because we are measuring the dilution D = 1 - C_new / C_ini<br />
*The variable property%toxicity%concentration represents C/c_ini so it starts by being 1.<br />
*This is not even close to a final version. For more details, or sugestions/corrections, contact MARETEC (Rosa Trancoso).<br />
*EC50 - Concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
<br />
==Network file==<br />
<br />
The Network file specified in '''NETWORK_FILE''' keyword has two types of blocks:<br />
* '''<BeginNode>/ <EndNode>'''<br />
* '''<BeginReach>/<EndReach>'''<br />
<br />
===Keywords===<br />
<br />
<BeginNode><br />
ID : int - !Node ID number<br />
COORDINATES : real real - !Node coordinates<br />
GRID_I : int - !I position of node, if grid<br />
GRID_J : int - !J position of node, if grid<br />
TERRAIN_LEVEL : real - !Bottom level of cross section<br />
MANNING_CHANNEL : real GLOBAL_MANNING !Node rugosity<br />
WATER_DEPTH : real INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH !Node initial water depth<br />
CROSS_SECTION_TYPE : int [1] !1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood, 3 - Tabular<br />
1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
BOTTOM_WIDTH : real - !Bottom width of cross section<br />
TOP_WIDTH : real - !Top width of cross section<br />
HEIGHT : real - !Max height of cross section<br />
2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
MIDDLE_WIDTH : real - !Middle width of cross section<br />
MIDDLE_HEIGHT : real - !Middle height of cross section<br />
3 - Tabular<br />
N_STATIONS : integer - !number os stations that define the cross section<br />
STATION : real real ... - !station values<br />
ELEVATION/LEVEL : real real ... - !elevation values<br />
<EndNode><br />
<BeginReach><br />
ID : int - !Reach ID Number<br />
DOWNSTREAM_NODE : int - !Downstream node ID<br />
UPSTREAM_NODE : int - !Upstream node ID<br />
<EndReach><br />
<br />
===Creating a Network file===<br />
<br />
*Obtain a drainage network with MOHID GIS in [[MOHID_GIS#Delineate_Basins|Delineate Basins]]<br />
*Alternatively obtain a drainage network with program BasinDelimiter (from SourceSafe) with a '''basin.dat''' file such as:<br />
<br />
TOPOGRAPHIC_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DTM\MDT200mSD.dat<br />
TRESHOLD_AREA : 100000<br />
DELINEATE_BASIN : 1<br />
OUTLET_I : 1<br />
OUTLET_J : 44<br />
WRITE_REACHES : 1<br />
REACHES_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DrainageNetwork\DrainageNetwork.dnt<br />
<br />
*Define the cross sections for each node (see [[Mohid_GIS#Auto_Cross_Sections|MOHID GIS]]). <br />
**'''Warning 1''': Remember to select "Save All" in MOHID GIS to update the file.<br />
**'''Warning 2''': Currently, this program writes a BOTTOM_LEVEL keyword for each node instead of the keyword TERRAIN_LEVEL needed by the Drainage Network module. BOTTOM_LEVEL was replaced by TERRAIN_LEVEL in the latest version of this module because of the introduction of the tabular (irregular) cross-section type, generalizing the formulation of cross-sections. The pre-processor tool is not yet adapted. Nevertheless, for regular cross-sections, TERRAIN LEVEL = BOTTOM_LEVEL + HEIGHT. It can be changed manually or with this perl script [http://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B_xtWE4qvkq8Y2FhNjk5NTQtZTdhZC00N2I1LWE3Y2YtM2QwYzIyMjhhZDRj&sort=name&layout=list&num=50].<br />
<br />
<br />
===Irregular Cross Section===<br />
<br />
It's possible to create an irregular cross section setting the CROSS_SECTION_TYPE to 3 (Tabular).<br />
The N_STATIONS is the number of "points" that will be used. A minimun of 3 points is needed, to make a triangular cross section.<br />
The STATION keyword is where you put the horizontal distance of the point to the origin point.<br />
The ELEVATION/LEVEL is where you put the vertical distances. The first and the last point must be at the same elevation (same values).<br />
The LEVEL is currently the distance from the bottom of the channel to the point.<br />
<br />
Observe the image below:<br />
<br />
[[irregular_cross_section.jpg]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=File%3AIrregular_cross_section_image.jpg&diff=4460File:Irregular cross section image.jpg2011-03-15T16:05:25Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=File%3AImagem_x.JPG&diff=4459File:Imagem x.JPG2011-03-15T16:04:27Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_DrainageNetwork&diff=4458Module DrainageNetwork2011-03-15T16:01:47Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=Overview=<br />
<br />
This module can be used by two models: [[Mohid_Land|MOHID Land]], and [[Mohid_River_Network|MOHID River Network]]. Like other modules, it has a specific input file, called '''DrainageNetwork_X.dat''', where X is the simulation number. The following tables describe the keywords that can be used, their data type, and the default values (in case of omission).<br />
<br />
==DrainageNetwork_X.dat Keywords==<br />
<br />
===General===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
NETWORK_FILE : char - !Path to drainage network file<br />
CHECK_NODES : 0/1 [1] !Ckeck nodes consistency<br />
CHECK_REACHES : 0/1 [1] !Check reaches consistency<br />
GLOBAL_MANNING : real - !Rugosity in Channels<br />
GEO_CONVERSATION_FACTOR : real [1.] !Lat to Meters rough estimation<br />
<br />
===Stabilization===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
STABILIZE : 0/1 [0] !Restart time iteration if high volume gradients<br />
STABILIZE_FACTOR : real [0.1] !max gradient in time steps as fraction of old volume<br />
MAX_ITERATIONS : int [100] !Max iterations for stabilized check<br />
DT_FACTOR : real [0.8] !Factor for DT Prediction<br />
MAX_DT_FLOOD : real [10.0] !Max DT if channel water level exceeds full bank<br />
<br />
===Hydrodynamic===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
HYDRODYNAMIC_APROX : int [1] !1 - KinematicWave, 2 - DiffusionWave, 3 - DynamicWave<br />
NUMERICAL_SCHEME : int [0] !0 - ExplicitScheme, 1 - ImplicitScheme<br />
MASS_ERR : real(8) [0.001] !Max error in mass conservation<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.001] !Min water depth in nodes (For h < MIN_WATER_DEPTH water stops flowing)<br />
INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH : real [0.0] !Initial water depth<br />
MINIMUM_SLOPE : real [0.0] !Minimum Slope for Kinematic Wave<br />
<br />
===Downstream Boundary===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY : int [1] !0 - Dam, 1 - ZDG, 2 - CD, 3 - ImposedWaterDepth, 3 - ImposedVelocity<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : real - !Default value at downstream boundary<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : char [NONE] !If DOWNSTREAM_BOUNDARY = ImposedWaterDepth, this can be NONE or TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : char - !If FILE_IN_TIME = TIMESERIE, this is the name of timeserie file for the downstream boundary<br />
DATA_COLUMN : int - !Number of column with data in FILE_IN_TIME<br />
<br />
===Output===<br />
<br />
Output is given for all nodes in HDF5 format, and also as time series for the specified nodes in TIME_SERIE_LOCATION file. These nodes are identified by their IDS (see Network file) and have to be inside the block '''<BeginNodeTimeSerie> / <EndNodeTimeSerie>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
OUTPUT_TIME : int int... [-] !time interval between outputs for all nodes, in HDF5 format.<br />
TIME_SERIE_LOCATION : char - !Path to time serie file with the specified nodes (can be this file)<br />
MAX_BUFFER_SIZE : 1000<br />
COMPUTE_RESIDUAL : 1<br />
DT_OUTPUT_TIME : 1200<br />
TIME_SERIE_BY_NODES : 0/1 [0] !Keyword to see if the user wants the time series to be written by nodes, i.e.,<br />
!One file per node, with all variables in the headers list<br />
!if FALSE, its one file per variable with nodes in the headers.<br />
<br />
===Processes===<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
MIN_WATER_DEPTH_PROCESS : real [0.01] !Water Quality Process / Surface Fluxes shutdown<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !Use module discharges (WWTP, etc)<br />
TRANSMISSION_LOSSES : 0/1 [0] !If user wants to use transmission losses<br />
HYDRAULIC_CONDUCTIVITY : real - !Hydraulic Conductivity to calculate transmission losses<br />
REMOVE_OVERTOP : 0/1 [0] !Removes Water if channels are overtoped<br />
AERATION_METHOD : int [-] !1 - PoolAndRifle, 2 - ChannelControled_<br />
T90_DECAY_MODEL : 0 [1] !0 - Constant, 1 - Canteras, 2 - Chapra<br />
T90 : real [7200.] !if T90_DECAY_MODEL = Constant<br />
SHADING_FACTOR : real [1.] !0-1 fraction of riparian shading<br />
FRACTION_SEDIMENT : 0/1 [0]<br />
GLOBAL_TOXICITY : char ['SUM'] !Global Toxicity Computation Method : SUM,MAX,RISKRATIO<br />
<br />
<br />
===Properties===<br />
<br />
Each property keywords must be inside a block '''<beginproperty>/<endproperty>'''.<br />
<br />
Keyword : Data Type Default !Comment<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : char [-] !Property name, must be on of [[Properties_names]]<br />
UNITS : char [-] !usually mg/L (see IS_COEF)<br />
IS_COEF : real [1.e-3] !Conversion factor to the International System<br />
DESCRIPTION : char [-] !Property description<br />
DEFAULT_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property initial concentration<br />
MIN_VALUE : real [0.0] !Property minimum concentration<br />
OVERLAND_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from overland<br />
GROUNDWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0] !Concentration discharged from ground water<br />
DIFFUSEWATER_CONCENTRATION : real [0.0]<br />
ADVECTION_DIFUSION : 0/1 [1] !1 - want to transport property; 0 - no transport<br />
ADVECTION_SCHEME : int [1] !1 - UpwindOrder1 (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSION_SCHEME : int [5] !5 - CentralDiff (currently no more options)<br />
DIFFUSIVITY : real [1e-8] !Molecular diffusivity of property in m2/s<br />
DISCHARGES : 0/1 [0] !1 - property is discharged; 0 - no discharges<br />
TOXICITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - property has an associated toxicity <br />
TOX_EVOLUTION : int [1] !1 - Saturation, 2 - Linear, 3 - RiskRatio<br />
EC50 : real [0.5] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Saturation or RiskRatio,<br />
!EC50 is the concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
!in fraction of initial concentration units [%]<br />
SLOPE : real [1.0] !If TOX_EVOLUTION = Linear<br />
DECAY : 0/1 [0] !1- want to use bacterial decay model. 0 - no use. Must have DISCHARGES = 1 and [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
SURFACE_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has surface fluxes (e.g. evaporation). Needs [[Mohid_River_Network|atmosphere]].<br />
BOTTOM_FLUXES : 0/1 [0] !Property has bottom fluxes. Must be [[Properties_names|particulate]].<br />
BOTTOM_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Initial Concentration<br />
BOTTOM_MIN_CONC : real [0.0] !Bottom Minimum Concentration<br />
EROSION : 0/1 [1] !Compute erosion fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_EROSION : real [0.2] !Critical Erosion Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
EROSION_COEF : real [5.0E-4] !Erosion Coefficient [kg m-2 s-1]<br />
DEPOSITION : 0/1 [1] !Compute deposition fluxes<br />
CRIT_SS_DEPOSITION : real [0.1] !Critical Deposition Shear Stress [Pa]<br />
CHS : real [4.0] !Hindered settling [kg m-3] - See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WS_TYPE : int [1] !Settling type: WSConstant = 1, SPMFunction = 2<br />
WS_VALUE : real [0.0001] !Constant settling velocity [m s-1]<br />
KL : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
KL1 : real [0.1] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
ML : real [4.62] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
M : real [1.0] !See [[Module_FreeVerticalMovement]].<br />
WATER_QUALITY : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_WaterQuality|Water Quality Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
BENTHOS : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Benthos|Benthos Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
CEQUALW2 : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_CEQUALW2|CEQUALW2 Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
LIFE : 0/1 [0] !1 - use [[Module_Life|Life Model]] for property transformation; 0 - no use<br />
EXTINCTION_PARAMETER : real [1.0] !LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT<br />
TIME_SERIE : 0/1 [0] !Output this property in time series files.<br />
OUTPUT_NAME : char [NAME] !Can be NAME or DESCRIPTION.<br />
COMPUTE_LOAD : 0/1 [0] !Output concentration (in UNITS) x Flow [m3 s-1]<br />
SUMTOTALCONC : 0/1 [0] 0 !Checks if user wants to calculate total Concentration (Column + Bottom).<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
====Toxicity Model====<br />
*The formulation is to associate an eco-toxiciy value to the property (From project ECORIVER 2002).<br />
*Every toxic property must be discharged.<br />
*Its concentration in the river network is set to 0.0.<br />
*Discharge concentration must be equal to 1, because we are measuring the dilution D = 1 - C_new / C_ini<br />
*The variable property%toxicity%concentration represents C/c_ini so it starts by being 1.<br />
*This is not even close to a final version. For more details, or sugestions/corrections, contact MARETEC (Rosa Trancoso).<br />
*EC50 - Concentration that causes 50% of effect (Tox = 0.5)<br />
<br />
==Network file==<br />
<br />
The Network file specified in '''NETWORK_FILE''' keyword has two types of blocks:<br />
* '''<BeginNode>/ <EndNode>'''<br />
* '''<BeginReach>/<EndReach>'''<br />
<br />
===Keywords===<br />
<br />
<BeginNode><br />
ID : int - !Node ID number<br />
COORDINATES : real real - !Node coordinates<br />
GRID_I : int - !I position of node, if grid<br />
GRID_J : int - !J position of node, if grid<br />
TERRAIN_LEVEL : real - !Bottom level of cross section<br />
MANNING_CHANNEL : real GLOBAL_MANNING !Node rugosity<br />
WATER_DEPTH : real INITIAL_WATER_DEPTH !Node initial water depth<br />
CROSS_SECTION_TYPE : int [1] !1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood, 3 - Tabular<br />
1 - Trapezoidal, 2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
BOTTOM_WIDTH : real - !Bottom width of cross section<br />
TOP_WIDTH : real - !Top width of cross section<br />
HEIGHT : real - !Max height of cross section<br />
2 - TrapezoidalFlood<br />
MIDDLE_WIDTH : real - !Middle width of cross section<br />
MIDDLE_HEIGHT : real - !Middle height of cross section<br />
3 - Tabular<br />
N_STATIONS : integer - !number os stations that define the cross section<br />
STATION : real real ... - !station values<br />
ELEVATION/LEVEL : real real ... - !elevation values<br />
<EndNode><br />
<BeginReach><br />
ID : int - !Reach ID Number<br />
DOWNSTREAM_NODE : int - !Downstream node ID<br />
UPSTREAM_NODE : int - !Upstream node ID<br />
<EndReach><br />
<br />
===Creating a Network file===<br />
<br />
*Obtain a drainage network with MOHID GIS in [[MOHID_GIS#Delineate_Basins|Delineate Basins]]<br />
*Alternatively obtain a drainage network with program BasinDelimiter (from SourceSafe) with a '''basin.dat''' file such as:<br />
<br />
TOPOGRAPHIC_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DTM\MDT200mSD.dat<br />
TRESHOLD_AREA : 100000<br />
DELINEATE_BASIN : 1<br />
OUTLET_I : 1<br />
OUTLET_J : 44<br />
WRITE_REACHES : 1<br />
REACHES_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\DrainageNetwork\DrainageNetwork.dnt<br />
<br />
*Define the cross sections for each node (see [[Mohid_GIS#Auto_Cross_Sections|MOHID GIS]]). <br />
**'''Warning 1''': Remember to select "Save All" in MOHID GIS to update the file.<br />
**'''Warning 2''': Currently, this program writes a BOTTOM_LEVEL keyword for each node instead of the keyword TERRAIN_LEVEL needed by the Drainage Network module. BOTTOM_LEVEL was replaced by TERRAIN_LEVEL in the latest version of this module because of the introduction of the tabular (irregular) cross-section type, generalizing the formulation of cross-sections. The pre-processor tool is not yet adapted. Nevertheless, for regular cross-sections, TERRAIN LEVEL = BOTTOM_LEVEL + HEIGHT. It can be changed manually or with this perl script [http://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B_xtWE4qvkq8Y2FhNjk5NTQtZTdhZC00N2I1LWE3Y2YtM2QwYzIyMjhhZDRj&sort=name&layout=list&num=50].<br />
<br />
<br />
===Irregular Cross Section===<br />
<br />
It's possible to create an irregular cross section setting the CROSS_SECTION_TYPE to 3 (Tabular).<br />
The N_STATIONS is the number of "points" that will be used. A minimun of 3 points is needed, to make a triangular cross section.<br />
The STATION keyword is where you put the horizontal distance of the point to the origin point.<br />
The ELEVATION/LEVEL is where you put the vertical distances. The first and the last point must be at the same elevation (same values).<br />
The LEVEL is currently the distance from the bottom of the channel to the point.<br />
<br />
Observe the image below:</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=File%3ALAI-Input-Example_0001.png&diff=3730File:LAI-Input-Example 0001.png2010-11-08T16:31:10Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_Vegetation&diff=3729Module Vegetation2010-11-08T16:14:02Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Overview ==<br />
Vegetation Model handles information about vegetation cover and interacts with atmosphere and soil properties.<br />
Vegetation dynamics can be handled by the model in two different manners: i) reading from file (time serie, hdf, grid); ii) using a vegetation growth model.<br />
The first option is the previous formulation where LAI and root depth properties are provided by user and water uptake is simulated. The second option uses a SWAT based vegetation growth model and plant biomass, LAI, nutrient content and nutrient uptake are explicitly simulated. <br />
<br />
SWAT vegetation growth model uses the concepts from EPIC crop model (Izaurralde et al., 2006) of radiation-use efficiency by which a fraction of daily photosynthetically active radiation is intercepted by the plant canopy and converted into plant biomass. Gains in plant biomass are affected by vapor pressure deficits and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Stress indices for water, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and aeration are calculated using the value of the most severe of these stresses to reduce potential plant growth and crop yield. Nutrient uptake is done based on plant target (optimal content) and availability in soil.<br />
<br />
== Concepts ==<br />
<br />
=== Property ===<br />
Vegetation model was redesigned to be structured in properties instead of vegetation types.<br />
The advantage of this structure is that in the input file the number of properties is fixed (no matter the complexity of the vegetation cover) and input can be preprocessed for the entire grid (see How to pre-process vegetation).<br />
In the previous structure, applications with several vegetation covers could rapidly increase input file lines and input errors. More over as they are not graphed in time serie or hdf the visual inspection could take longer.<br />
<br />
See the list of allowed [[properties names]]<br />
<br />
== Main processes ==<br />
<br />
===If Vegetation is not used ===<br />
If the user chooses not to include vegetation in basin data file with the keyword:<br />
VEGETATION : 0<br />
then transpiration is not computed. <br />
<br />
However, the user may want to still evaporate water from soil surface. To do so, evapotranspiration must be enabled in basin data file:<br />
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION : 1<br />
and reference evapotranspiration defined (property standard). In this case all the reference evapotranspiration will be in the form of potential evaporation.<br />
<br />
===If Vegetation is readed from file ===<br />
If the user chooses to include vegetation in basin file with the keyword:<br />
VEGETATION : 1<br />
then transpiration is computed. <br />
If the user chooses the option to simulate vegetation giving properties evolution from file (hdf5, grid), than leaf area index, root depth, specific leaf storage and crop coefficient properties must be given. This option correspond to the old formulation and, yet, only water uptake is simulated.<br />
<br />
====Active Processes====<br />
If vegetation is read from file then water uptake and nutrient uptake may be modelled. Nutrient uptake can only be modelled if water uptake is.<br />
WATER_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects water uptake<br />
NITROGEN_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects nitrogen uptake<br />
PHOSPHORUS_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects phosphorus uptake<br />
<br />
====Water Uptake====<br />
This process corresponds to plant transpiration taking water from soil. <br />
Evapotranspiration must be enabled in basin data file:<br />
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION : 1<br />
<br />
The user may want to compute a global potential evapotranspiration or separate potential transpiration (in plants along the root depth) and potential evaporation (on soil surface) based on leaf area index. This option is defined in basin data file with the keyword:<br />
<br />
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD: 1/2 (1-Global Evapotranspiration; 2-Transpiration and Evaporation)<br />
<br />
To use the read from file approach use the keyword in vegetation data file:<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1 (1- according to root profile; 2-SWAT based (exponential and tresholds)<br />
Which means that the method for transpiration is the one from the formulation previous to the vegetation growth model.<br />
<br />
Potential water uptake (potential evapotranspiration/transpiration) is distributed in depth (for each layer) according to root distribution with keyword in vegetation data file:<br />
<br />
ROOT_PROFILE : 1/2 (1-Triangular; 2-Constant)<br />
<br />
Water Uptake (actual uptake) computation takes in potential uptake and limits it to plant and soil constraints. Plant constraints can be done with two options: i) with Feddes formulation or ii) with van Genuchten curve with the keyword in vegetation data file:<br />
<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_STRESS_METHOD: 1/2 (1-Feddes; 2-van Genuchten)<br />
<br />
* Feddes formulation has plant tresholds. This means that plant has soil pressure heads tresholds where uptake is optimum and soil heads (under field capacity and below wilting point) where no uptake occurs. Between optimum and no transpiration linear interpolation is done:<br />
<br />
Tp = Factor * PotentialTranspiration<br />
where Tp is Effective transpiration in layer, Factor is the stress factor achieved for the layer and PotentialTranspiration is the PotentialTranspiration computed for the layer.<br />
[[Image:PlantFeddes.PNG|thumb|center|200px|Plant tresholds for water stress in Feddes model]]<br />
<br />
* van Genuchten formulation is an empirical curve also dependent on pressure head:<br />
<br />
Insert Equation for van Genuchten<br />
<br />
<br />
Water uptake is then limited to available water in soil (above residual content).<br />
Additionally water uptake can be limited with soil velocity with the following keyword in vegetation data file:<br />
<br />
LIMIT_TRANSP_WATER_VEL : 1<br />
<br />
<br />
Soil pressure heads tresholds must be provided for each vegetation type in the vegetation file (example below):<br />
!Arable Land - Trigo<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 1<br />
NAME : Agriculture<br />
FEDDES_H1 : -0.1<br />
FEDDES_H2 : -0.25<br />
FEDDES_H3 : -2.0<br />
FEDDES_H4 : -80.0<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
<br />
!Forest<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 2<br />
NAME : Forest<br />
FEDDES_H1 : -0.1<br />
FEDDES_H2 : -0.25<br />
FEDDES_H3 : -6.0<br />
FEDDES_H4 : -30.0<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
====Nutrient Uptake====<br />
Nutrient uptake may be done only using the formulation where the uptake mass is obtained from flow * concentration in layer.<br />
<br />
====Properties====<br />
<br />
Also Properties '''leaf area index''', '''root depth''', '''specific leaf storage''' and '''crop coefficent''' must be provided (from file or constant values). This must comply with fillmatrix standards under the '''<beginproperty>''' and '''<endpropery>''' blocks.<br />
<br />
=====leaf area index=====<br />
Constant value, time serie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
<br />
=====potential leaf area index=====<br />
Constant value, time serie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
<br />
=====root depth=====<br />
Constant value, time serie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
=====specific leaf storage=====<br />
Usually used constant value but applies the same as previous properties.<br />
=====crop coefficient=====<br />
Usually used constant value but applies the same as previous properties.<br />
<br />
=== If Vegetation is explicitly simulated - Growth Model ===<br />
If the user chooses to include vegetation in basin file with the keyword:<br />
VEGETATION : 1<br />
then transpiration is computed. <br />
If the user chooses the option to simulate explicitly vegetation, than plant biomass, root biomass, LAI, canopy height and nutrient content, are simulated.<br />
<br />
====Active Processes====<br />
If vegetation growth model is active then more options may be modelled. <br />
<br />
WATER_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects water limitation on plant growth<br />
NITROGEN_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects nitrogen limitation on plant growth<br />
PHOSPHORUS_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects phosphorus limitation on plant growth<br />
TEMPERATURE_STRESS : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects temperature limitation on plant growth<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_CO2 : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects CO2 limitation on plant growth<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_VPD : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects Vapour Pressure Deficit limitation on plant growth<br />
<br />
GRAZING : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects grazing<br />
MANAGEMENT : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects management<br />
DORMANCY : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects dormancy<br />
FERTILIZATION : 0/1 !Connects/disconnects fertilization <br />
<br />
====Water Uptake====<br />
This process corresponds to plant transpiration taking water from soil. <br />
Evapotranspiration must be enabled in basin data file:<br />
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION : 1<br />
The user may want to compute a global potential evapotranspiration or separate potential transpiration (in plants along the root depth) and potential evaporation (on soil surface) based on leaf area index. This option is defined in basin data file with the keyword:<br />
<br />
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD: 1/2 (1-Global Evapotranspiration; 2-Transpiration and Evaporation)<br />
<br />
To use the vegetation growth model approach use the keyword in vegetation data file:<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 2 (1- TP according to root profile; 2-SWAT based (TP exponential and tresholds))<br />
Which means that the method for transpiration is the one from the vegetation growth model formulation.<br />
<br />
Potential water uptake (potential evapotranspiration/transpiration) is distributed in depth according to a exponential distribution:<br />
Insert potential water uptake distribution equation<br />
<br />
Water Uptake (actual uptake) computation takes in potential uptake and limits it to soil constraints. consisting in water content in soil:<br />
Insert low water content reduction<br />
<br />
Insert high water content reduction (to do)<br />
<br />
====Nutrient Uptake====<br />
Nutrient uptake may be done in two ways, either using the SWAT formulation where it is disconnected from water uptake or using a new formulation that the uptake mass is obtained from flow * concentration in layer.<br />
NUTRIENT_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1/2 !1- uptake is conc * water uptake; 2- SWAT based (independent of water uptake)<br />
<br />
Also, nutrient stress may be computed either using SWAT formulation (relation to optimal and effective plant content) or using a new formulation where is the ratio between effective and optimal uptake (following water stress).<br />
NUTRIENT_STRESS_METHOD : 1/2 !1- effective/optimal; 2- SWAT based<br />
<br />
Optimal nutrient uptake is computed from plant optimal content and effective content<br />
Equation for optimal nutrient content<br />
<br />
Then, optimal nutrient uptake is distributed in depth similar to that of water<br />
Equation for optimal uptake distribution with depth<br />
<br />
Soil constraints are then taken into account because uptake is only allowed if enough mass exists in layer<br />
Effective Uptake = min (Optimal Uptake, Available content in soil)<br />
<br />
====Properties====<br />
<br />
=====total plant biomass=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equation:<br />
NewPlantBiomass = OldPlantBiomass + BiomassGrowth - BiomassGrazed - BiomassRemovedInHarvest <br />
- BiomassRemovedInDormancy<br />
<br />
=====total plant nitrogen=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equation:<br />
NewPlantNitrogen = OldPlantNitrogen + NitrogenUptake - NitrogenGrazed - NitrogenRemovedInHarvest <br />
- NitrogenRemovedInDormancy<br />
<br />
=====total plant phosphorus=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equation:<br />
NewPlantPhosphorus = OldPlantPhosphorus + PhosphorusUptake - PhosphorusGrazed <br />
- PhosphorusRemovedInHarvest - PhosphorusRemovedInDormancy<br />
<br />
=====root biomass=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equations:<br />
RootBiomass = RootFraction * PlantBiomass<br />
<br />
RootFraction = 0.4 - 0.2 * HUAccumulated<br />
<br />
=====root depth=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equations:<br />
for annuals, legumes<br />
RootDepth = 2.5 * HUAccumulated * MaxRootDepth<br />
for trees, perennials<br />
RootDepth = MaxRootDepth<br />
<br />
=====leaf area index=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equations:<br />
before senescence<br />
NewLAI = OldLAI + LAIGrowth - LAIGrazed - LAIRemovedInHarvest<br />
after senescence<br />
NewLAI = LastLAIBeforeSenescence * LAIDecline - LAIGrazed - LAIRemovedInHarvest<br />
<br />
=====potential leaf area index=====<br />
This property is not simulated by the model so it has to be read. Constant value, time serie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
<br />
=====canopy height=====<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 2 (property will be simulated with vegetation growth model)<br />
<br />
Property evolution equation:<br />
CanopyHeight = MaxCanopyHeight * SQRT(MaxLAIfraction)<br />
<br />
=====specific leaf storage=====<br />
This property is not simulated by the model so it has to be read. Usually is a constant value but it can be defined also as timeserie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 1 (property will be read by the model)<br />
<br />
=====crop coefficient=====<br />
This property is not simulated by the model so it has to be read. Usually is a constant value but it can be defined also as timeserie, grid or HDF. To create one grid/hdf from various timeseries for different vegetation types see [[FillMatrix]].<br />
<br />
Inside the property block choose:<br />
EVOLUTION : 1 (property will be read by the model)<br />
<br />
== Other Features ==<br />
===How to generate the vegetation grid===<br />
A vegetation grid must be provided. One possible option is to extract info from land use shape file. In this case can use MOHID GIS going to menu [Tools]->[Shape to Grid Data] and provide: i) the grid (model grid), ii) the land use shape file and iii) the corespondence between land use codes and vegetation ID.<br />
In vegetation data file define the just created grid:<br />
VEGETATION_ID_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\Vegetation\VegetationID.dat<br />
<br />
===Define vegetation properties===<br />
Vegetation properties may be read or simulated according to the below.<br />
<br />
This vegetation properties have to be given (not simulated):<br />
*specific leaf storage<br />
*crop coefficient<br />
<br />
This vegetation properties may be given or simulated:<br />
*leaf area index<br />
*root depth<br />
<br />
This vegetation properties may be simulated:<br />
*total plant biomass<br />
*total plant nitrogen<br />
*total plant phosphorus<br />
*root biomass<br />
*canopy height<br />
<br />
Properties are defined accordingly with [[Module_FillMatrix|Module FillMatrix]] standards in the block:<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : root depth<br />
UNITS : m<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant root depth<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
EVOLUTION keyword value : 1 means that is not simulated but read. In other end EVOLUTION keyword value : 2 means that the property is simulated.<br />
<br />
====Simulation Options====<br />
If you decide not to use vegetation growth model (and instead, the old formulation) than the only needed properties (values must be provided) are: <br />
*specific leaf storage<br />
*crop coefficient<br />
*leaf area index<br />
*root depth<br />
<br />
In the other end, if you decide to use vegetation growh model these properties may be used (model simulates them)<br />
*leaf area index<br />
*root depth<br />
*total plant biomass<br />
*total plant nitrogen (if simulating nitrogen)<br />
*total plant phosphorus (if simulating phosphorus)<br />
*root biomass<br />
*canopy height<br />
and only:<br />
*specific leaf storage<br />
*crop coefficient<br />
need to have values defined for the simulation. All other properties will be simulated.<br />
<br />
=== How to pre-process vegetation properties ===<br />
Fill Matrix was updated to fill grids without interpolation. Instead of space stations (X,Y coordinate) user has to provide a vegetation grid with ID's and the values assigned to each ID (time serie or single value). Fill Matrix reads ID in the grid and searches for the value to fill the cell. If cells are not filled error message is sent.<br />
See [[FillMatrix]] for more details<br />
<br />
== Outputs ==<br />
<br />
=== Time series ===<br />
To write time series results define keyword:<br />
<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
<br />
in each property that you wish to write results.<br />
<br />
=== Box integration ===<br />
<br />
=== Maps (HDF5 format) ===<br />
To write 3D results use keyword [[OUTPUT_TIME]] and define keyword:<br />
<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
<br />
in each property that you wish to write results.<br />
<br />
=== Statistics ===<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
Izaurralde, R.C.; Williams, J.R. ; McGill, W.B.; Rosenberg, N.J.; Quiroga Jakas, M.C. (2006) - Simulating soil C dynamics with EPIC: Model description and testing against long‐term data. Ecol. Model. 192(3‐4): 362‐384.<br />
<br />
== Data File ==<br />
<br />
=== Keywords ===<br />
<br />
[Keyword] [Format] [Units] [Default] [Short Description]<br />
VEGETATION_ID_FILE : string - [-] !Vegetation distribution grid path<br />
<br />
VEGETATION_DT : real s [86400.] !Vegetation DT<br />
INTEGRATION_DT : real s [ModelDT] !DT to integrate external variables until vegetation is<br />
! is called (vegetation DT)<br />
<br />
WATER_STRESS : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects water limitation on plant growth?<br />
NITROGEN_STRESS : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects nitrogen limitation on plant growth?<br />
PHOSPHORUS_STRESS : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects phosphorus limitation on plant growth?<br />
TEMPERATURE_STRESS : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects temperature limitation on plant growth?<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_CO2 : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects CO2 limitation on plant growth?<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_VPD : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects Vapour Pressure Deficit limitation on <br />
plant growth?<br />
<br />
GRAZING : 0/1 - [0] !Connects/disconnects grazing<br />
MANAGEMENT : 0/1 - [0] !Connects/disconnects management<br />
DORMANCY : 0/1 - [0] !Connects/disconnects dormancy<br />
FERTILIZATION : 0/1 - [0] !Connects/disconnects fertilization <br />
NUTRIENT_FLUXES_WITH_SOIL : 0/1 - [1] !Connects/disconnects nutrient fluxes with soil<br />
<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : integer - [1] !1- according to root profile; 2-SWAT based (exponential <br />
and tresholds)<br />
LIMIT_TRANSP_WATER_VEL : 0/1 - [0] !Read if TRANSPIRATION_METHOD == 1.<br />
ROOT_PROFILE : integer - [1] !Read if TRANSPIRATION_METHOD == 1: <br />
!1-Triangular; 2-Constant; 3-Exponential(SWAT like)<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_STRESS_METHOD : integer - [1] !Read if TRANSPIRATION_METHOD == 1: 1-Feddes; 2-VanGenuchten<br />
<br />
<br />
NUTRIENT_UPTAKE_METHOD : integer - [2] !1- uptake is: conc * water uptake; 2- SWAT based <br />
(independent of water uptake)<br />
NUTRIENT_STRESS_METHOD : integer - [2] !1- effective/optimal; 2- SWAT based<br />
<br />
<br />
CHANGE_LAI_SENESCENCE : 0/1 - [0] !Changes made to swat code because showed error with <br />
CHANGE_CANOPY_HEIGHT : 0/1 - [0] grazing<br />
<br />
ATMOSPHERE_OUTPUT : 0/1 - [0] !Output averaged atmosphere properties during dt<br />
FLUXES_TO_SOIL_OUTPUT : 0/1 - [0] !Output fluxes to soil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ATMOSPHERE_CO2 : real ppm [330.] !Atmosphere CO2 concetrations - should be atmosphere property <br />
WATER_UPTAKE_COMPENSATION_FACTOR : real - [0.] !Factor for uptake compensation from lower layers if computed <br />
!layer demand is not met<br />
!If zero there will exist no compensation. If 1. total demand <br />
!no met may come from lower layers<br />
NITROGEN_DISTRIBUTION_PARAMETER : real [-20.]<br />
PHOSPHORUS_DISTRIBUTION_PARAMETER: real [-20.]<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
See module fillmatrix<br />
EVOLUTION : integer - 1 !Property evolution: 1-Read from file<br />
!2-vegetation growth model<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID<br />
NAME <br />
HAS_LEAVES<br />
FEDDES_H1<br />
FEDDES_H2<br />
FEDDES_H3<br />
FEDDES_H4<br />
<begintimingdatabase><br />
MATURITY_HU : 1700.<br />
PLANTING_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
PLANTING_HUBASE : 0.15<br />
<endgtimingdatabase><br />
<br />
<begingrowthdatabase><br />
PLANT_TYPE : 5<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N1 : 0.0663<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N2 : 0.0255<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N3 : 0.0148<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P1 : 0.0053<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P2 : 0.0020<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P3 : 0.0012<br />
BASE_TEMPERATURE : 0.<br />
OPTIMAL_TEMPERATURE : 18.0<br />
RADIATION_EXTINCTION_COEF : 0.65<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO : 30.0<br />
CO2_HIGH : 660.0<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO_HIGH : 39.0<br />
RUE_DECLINE_RATE : 6.0<br />
LAI_MAX : 4.0<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_2 : 0.95<br />
GROWFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
GROWFRACTION_2 : 0.45<br />
GROWFRACTION_LAIDECLINE : 0.50<br />
ROOT_DEPTH_MAX : 1.30<br />
CANOPY_HEIGHT_MAX : 0.9<br />
OPTIMAL_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.4<br />
MINIMUM_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.2<br />
YELD_NITROGENFRACTION : 0.0250<br />
YELD_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION : 0.0022<br />
<endgrowthdatabase><br />
<br />
<beginmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
GRAZING_START_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
GRAZING_START_PLANTHU : 0.5<br />
GRAZING_DAYS : 10<br />
MINIMUM_BIOMASS_FOR_GRAZING : 10.<br />
GRAZING_BIOMASS : 70.<br />
TRAMPLING_BIOMASS : 30.<br />
HARVESTKILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVESTKILL_PLANTHU : 1.2<br />
HARVEST_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVEST_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
HARVEST_EFFICIENCY : 1.0<br />
KILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
KILL_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
<endmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
<br />
<beginfertilizationdatabase><br />
MINERAL_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
AMMONIA_FRACTION_IN_MINERAL_N : -99.<br />
MINERAL_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
FERTILIZER_FRACTION_IN_SURFACE : -99.<br />
!!beginautofertilization!!<br />
NITROGEN_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
EXPLICIT_PHOSPHORUS : 0<br />
PHOSPHORUS_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
!!endautofertilization!!<br />
!!beginscheduledfertilization!!<br />
FERTILIZATION_JULIANDAY :-99.<br />
FERTILIZATION_HU :-99.<br />
!!endscheduledfertilization!!<br />
<endfertilizationdatabase><br />
<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
=== Sample ===<br />
<br />
==== If vegetation is readed from file ====<br />
<br />
WATER_STRESS : 1<br />
NITROGEN_STRESS : 0<br />
PHOSPHORUS_STRESS : 0<br />
<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1 !1- TP according to root profile<br />
ROOT_PROFILE : 1 !1- triangular; 2- Constant; 3-Exponential (only read if WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1)<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_STRESS_METHOD : 1 !1-Feddes; 2- VanGenuchten (only read if WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1)<br />
<br />
<br />
TIME_SERIE_LOCATION : ..\..\GeneralData\TimeSeriesLocation.dat<br />
VEGETATION_ID_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\vegetation.dat<br />
<br />
OUTPUT_TIME : 0. 86400.<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : root depth<br />
UNITS : m<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant root depth<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : HDF<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\Trancao\Vegetation\RootDepth.hdf5<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : leaf area index<br />
UNITS : m2/m2<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant leaf area index<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : HDF<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\Trancao\Vegetation\LAI.hdf5<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : specific leaf storage<br />
UNITS : m3/m2<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant specific leaf storage<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : HDF<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\Trancao\Vegetation\SpecificLeafStorage.hdf5<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0001<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : crop coefficient<br />
UNITS : -<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant transpiration coefficient<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : HDF<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\Trancao\Vegetation\CropCoefficient.hdf5<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 1.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<br />
!Arable Land - Trigo<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 1<br />
NAME : Agriculture<br />
FEDDES_H1 : -0.1<br />
FEDDES_H2 : -0.25<br />
FEDDES_H3 : -2.0<br />
FEDDES_H4 : -80.0<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
<br />
!Floresta<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 2<br />
NAME : Forest<br />
FEDDES_H1 : -0.1<br />
FEDDES_H2 : -0.25<br />
FEDDES_H3 : -6.0<br />
FEDDES_H4 : -30.0<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
==== If vegetation growth model is used ====<br />
<br />
VEGETATION_ID_FILE : ..\..\GeneralData\vegetation_2cells.dat<br />
VEGETATION_DT : 86400. <br />
INTEGRATION_DT : 3600. !DT to integrate atmosphere properties<br />
<br />
WATER_STRESS : 1<br />
NITROGEN_STRESS : 0<br />
PHOSPHORUS_STRESS : 0<br />
TEMPERATURE_STRESS : 0<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_CO2 : 0<br />
ADJUST_RUE_FOR_VPD : 0 <br />
<br />
GRAZING : 0<br />
MANAGEMENT : 1<br />
DORMANCY : 1<br />
FERTILIZATION : 0<br />
NUTRIENT_FLUXES_WITH_SOIL : 0<br />
<br />
<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 2 !1- TP according to root profile; 2-SWAT based (TP exponential and tresholds)<br />
LIMIT_TRANSP_WATER_VEL : 0<br />
ROOT_PROFILE : 1 !1- triangular; 2- Constant; 3-Exponential (only read if WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1)<br />
WATER_UPTAKE_STRESS_METHOD : 1 !1-Feddes; 2- VanGenuchten (only read if WATER_UPTAKE_METHOD : 1)<br />
<br />
NUTRIENT_UPTAKE_METHOD : 2 !1- uptake is conc * water uptake; 2- SWAT based (independent of water uptake)<br />
NUTRIENT_STRESS_METHOD : 1 !1- effective/optimal; 2- SWAT based<br />
<br />
<br />
TIME_SERIE_LOCATION : ..\..\GeneralData\TimeSeriesLocation2D_2.dat<br />
OUTPUT_TIME : 0. 86400.<br />
ATMOSPHERE_OUTPUT : 1<br />
FLUXES_TO_SOIL_OUTPUT : 1<br />
<br />
<br />
!Potential total HU (yearly HU) - SUMi=1to12(average monthly temperature in month i * days in month i)<br />
<begin_TotalPotentialHU><br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 5475.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
<end_TotalPotentialHU><br />
<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : total plant biomass<br />
UNITS : kg/ha<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant biomass<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
!DEFAULTVALUE : 1000.<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<br />
!<beginproperty><br />
NAME : total plant nitrogen<br />
UNITS : kg/ha<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant nitrogen content<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
!DEFAULTVALUE : 50.<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
!<endproperty><br />
<br />
!<beginproperty><br />
NAME : total plant phosphorus<br />
UNITS : kg/ha<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant phosphorus content<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
!DEFAULTVALUE : 1.<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
!<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : root biomass<br />
UNITS : kg/ha<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant root biomass<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
!DEFAULTVALUE : 200.<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : root depth<br />
UNITS : m<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant root depth<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
!DEFAULTVALUE : 1.<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : leaf area index<br />
UNITS : m2/m2<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant leaf area index<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
!FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\LAI-2001-2007-RZWQM.dat<br />
!DATA_COLUMN : 2<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty> <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : canopy height<br />
UNITS : m<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant canopy height<br />
EVOLUTION : 2<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 1<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty> <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : specific leaf storage<br />
UNITS : m3/m2<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant specific leaf storage<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0001<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : crop coefficient<br />
UNITS : -<br />
DESCRIPTION : plant transpiration coefficient<br />
EVOLUTION : 1<br />
OLD : 0<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 1.<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
OUTPUT_HDF : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
BOX_TIME_SERIE : 0 <br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
!Arable Land - Trigo<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 1<br />
NAME : Agriculture<br />
HAS_LEAVES : 1<br />
<br />
<begintimingdatabase><br />
PLANTING_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
PLANTING_HUBASE : 0.15<br />
MATURITY_HU : 1700.<br />
<endtimingdatabase><br />
<br />
<begingrowthdatabase><br />
PLANT_TYPE : 5<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N1 : 0.0663<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N2 : 0.0255<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N3 : 0.0148<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P1 : 0.0053<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P2 : 0.0020<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P3 : 0.0012<br />
BASE_TEMPERATURE : 0.<br />
OPTIMAL_TEMPERATURE : 18.0<br />
RADIATION_EXTINCTION_COEF : 0.65<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO : 30.0<br />
CO2_HIGH : 660.0<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO_HIGH : 39.0<br />
RUE_DECLINE_RATE : 6.0<br />
LAI_MAX : 4.0<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_2 : 0.95<br />
GROWFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
GROWFRACTION_2 : 0.45<br />
GROWFRACTION_LAIDECLINE : 0.50<br />
ROOT_DEPTH_MAX : 1.30<br />
CANOPY_HEIGHT_MAX : 0.9<br />
OPTIMAL_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.4<br />
MINIMUM_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.2<br />
YELD_NITROGENFRACTION : 0.0250<br />
YELD_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION : 0.0022<br />
<endgrowthdatabase> <br />
<br />
<beginmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
GRAZING_START_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
GRAZING_START_PLANTHU : 0.5<br />
GRAZING_DAYS : 10<br />
MINIMUM_BIOMASS_FOR_GRAZING : 10.<br />
GRAZING_BIOMASS : 70.<br />
TRAMPLING_BIOMASS : 30.<br />
HARVESTKILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVESTKILL_PLANTHU : 1.2<br />
HARVEST_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVEST_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
HARVEST_EFFICIENCY : 1.0<br />
KILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
KILL_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
<endmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
<br />
<beginfertilizationdatabase><br />
MINERAL_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
AMMONIA_FRACTION_IN_MINERAL_N : -99.<br />
MINERAL_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
FERTILIZER_FRACTION_IN_SURFACE : -99.<br />
!!beginautofertilization!!<br />
NITROGEN_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
EXPLICIT_PHOSPHORUS : 0<br />
PHOSPHORUS_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
!!endautofertilization!!<br />
!!beginscheduledfertilization!!<br />
FERTILIZATION_JULIANDAY :-99.<br />
FERTILIZATION_HU :-99.<br />
!!endscheduledfertilization!!<br />
<endfertilizationdatabase><br />
<br />
<endvegetationtype> <br />
<br />
<br />
!Floresta<br />
<beginvegetationtype><br />
ID : 2<br />
NAME : Forest<br />
HAS_LEAVES : 1<br />
<br />
<begintimingdatabase><br />
PLANTING_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
PLANTING_HUBASE : 0.15<br />
MATURITY_HU : 1700.<br />
<endtimingdatabase><br />
<br />
<begingrowthdatabase><br />
PLANT_TYPE : 7<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N1 : 0.0060<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N2 : 0.0020<br />
OPTIMAL_NITROGENFRACTION_N3 : 0.0015<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P1 : 0.0007<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P2 : 0.0004<br />
OPTIMAL_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION_P3 : 0.0003<br />
BASE_TEMPERATURE : 10.<br />
OPTIMAL_TEMPERATURE : 30.0<br />
RADIATION_EXTINCTION_COEF : 0.65<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO : 15.0<br />
CO2_HIGH : 660.0<br />
BIOMASS_ENERGY_RATIO_HIGH : 16.0<br />
RUE_DECLINE_RATE : 8.0<br />
LAI_MAX : 5.0<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
OPTIMAL_LAIMAXFRACTION_2 : 0.95<br />
GROWFRACTION_1 : 0.05<br />
GROWFRACTION_2 : 0.40<br />
GROWFRACTION_LAIDECLINE : 0.99<br />
ROOT_DEPTH_MAX : 3.50<br />
CANOPY_HEIGHT_MAX : 6.0<br />
OPTIMAL_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.76<br />
MINIMUM_HARVEST_INDEX : 0.010<br />
YELD_NITROGENFRACTION : 0.0015<br />
YELD_PHOSPHORUSFRACTION : 0.0003<br />
TREE_YEARSTOMATURITY : -99.<br />
TREE_MAXIMUMBIOMASS : -99.<br />
<endgrowthdatabase><br />
<br />
<beginmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
GRAZING_START_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
GRAZING_START_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
GRAZING_DAYS : 0.<br />
MINIMUM_BIOMASS_FOR_GRAZING : 0.<br />
GRAZING_BIOMASS : 0.<br />
TRAMPLING_BIOMASS : 0.<br />
HARVESTKILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVESTKILL_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
HARVEST_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
HARVEST_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
HARVEST_EFFICIENCY : 1.0<br />
KILL_JULIANDAY : -99.<br />
KILL_PLANTHU : -99.<br />
<endmanagementandgrazedatabase><br />
<br />
<beginfertilizationdatabase><br />
MINERAL_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_N_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
AMMONIA_FRACTION_IN_MINERAL_N : -99.<br />
MINERAL_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
ORGANIC_P_FRACTION_IN_FERTILIZER : -99.<br />
FERTILIZER_FRACTION_IN_SURFACE : -99.<br />
!!beginautofertilization!!<br />
NITROGEN_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
NITROGEN_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
EXPLICIT_PHOSPHORUS : 0<br />
PHOSPHORUS_TRESHOLD : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_APPLICATION_MAX : -99.<br />
PHOSPHORUS_ANNUAL_MAX : -99.<br />
!!endautofertilization!!<br />
!!beginscheduledfertilization!!<br />
FERTILIZATION_JULIANDAY :-99.<br />
FERTILIZATION_HU :-99.<br />
!!endscheduledfertilization!!<br />
<endfertilizationdatabase><br />
<br />
<endvegetationtype><br />
<br />
[[Category:Modules]]<br />
[[Category:MOHID Land]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_Atmosphere&diff=3728Module Atmosphere2010-11-08T16:09:11Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Overview ==<br />
The atmosphere module is responsible for meteorological data needed to compute processes occurring at the water-air interface, such as computing wind shear stress, radiation balances, latent and sensible heat fluxes.<br />
<br />
A user manual is available in the link at the bottom of the page. This user manual intends to help the user to couple atmosphere to water, activating in MOHID wind forcing, heat fluxes and mass fluxes between this interface.<br />
<br />
== Concepts ==<br />
<br />
== Main processes ==<br />
<br />
=== Air temperature ===<br />
Air temperature is used for latent heat, sensible heat and downward longwave radiation computation (in the atmoshphere-water interface).<br />
<br />
=== Solar radiation ===<br />
Heat flux with solar origin hitting the water surface. <br />
In absence of field data it can be computed based on two approaches that depend both on Top Of Atmosphere Radiation, sun height and cloud cover: <br />
<br />
i) MOHID (default method) <br />
<br />
ii) CE-QUAL based method.<br />
<br />
Solar radiation is used to compute radiation that enters the water surface (after reflection). One method for cloud cover computation also uses radiation as input.<br />
<br />
=== Wind ===<br />
Wind is described by its velocity decomposed on x and y components. If not available it can be computed from wind modulus and wind direction. <br />
<br />
Wind is used to compute latent heat, sensible heat and wind stress (in the water-atmoshphere interface).<br />
<br />
===Specific humidity===<br />
Specific humidity is the ratio of water mass present in the atmosphere against the air mass. Moisture mixture is the ratio of water mass against that of dry air. Relative humidity can be computed from specific humidity, pressure and air temperature when not given.<br />
<br />
=== Relative humidity ===<br />
Relative humidity is a term used to describe the amount of water vapor that exists in a gaseous mixture of air and water.<br />
The relative humidity of an air-water mixture is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a given temperature.<br />
<br />
Relative humidity is used for latent heat computation (in the water-atmoshphere interface).<br />
<br />
=== Precipitation ===<br />
Mass Flux from rain.<br />
<br />
=== Sun hours ===<br />
<br />
=== Cloud cover ===<br />
Fraction of sky covered with clouds. Represents the radiation absorption in the atmosphere. <br />
It can be computed from three approaches: <br />
<br />
i) comparison between measured sun hours (if available) with potential sun hours; <br />
<br />
ii) comparison between solar radiation (measured or computed) and top of atmosphere radiation; <br />
<br />
iii) random solution (default method). <br />
<br />
Cloud cover is used for downward long wave radiation computation (in the atmoshphere-water interface). One method in solar radiation computation (if no data available) uses cloud cover as input.<br />
<br />
'''Remarks''': <br />
<br />
* Random solution is default method but it shoud not.<br />
<br />
* Cloud cover should never be computed from computed radiation. This latter situation returns always zero cloud cover and zero radiation in the results (*). <br />
<br />
* Cloud cover computation from measured radiation has the advantage that is not a random calculation but has the disadvantage that returns the same trend as radiation data: meaning that every day at night sky is completely covered with clouds and reaches minimum cloud cover at solar mid day. It may not be realistic for heat budgets at night.<br />
<br />
<br />
(*)This appens because the model is initialized with zero radiation; then, if cloud cover is computed from radiation it returns zero cloud cover (**) in next time step which in turn results in zero transmissivity and zero radiation, going on cycle.<br />
<br />
(**) in MOHID code for cloud cover computation from radiation, cloud cover units are different than standard, being value 1 the situation with no clouds and zero the opposite.<br />
<br />
=== Irrigation ===<br />
Mass flux from water added by anthropogenic sources.<br />
<br />
=== Other Properties ===<br />
When using '''[[Module PorousMediaProperties]]''' or '''[[Module RunOffProperties]]''', it's possible to include property concentrations in the Atmosphere data file, that will be used as "top boundary condition" for these properties.<br />
<br />
Ex.:<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : solution ammonia<br />
UNITS : mg/L<br />
DESCRIPTION : Ammonia in precipitation<br />
PRECIPITATION : 1<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : ..\GeneralData\Boundary Conditions\ammonia_in_precipitation_timeseries.dat<br />
DATA_COLUMN : 2<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
TIME_SERIE : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
== Other features ==<br />
<br />
=== Random components ===<br />
Cloud cover computation has as it default method a random method. This method was adapted from CE-Qual formulation.<br />
See cloud cover for further information.<br />
<br />
== User Manual ==<br />
[[Coupling_Water-Atmosphere_User_Manual| Coupling Water-Atmosphere User Manual]]<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module_InterfaceWaterAir]]'''<br />
*'''[[ConvertToHDF5]]'''<br />
*'''[[FillMatrix]]'''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modules]]<br />
[[Category:MOHID Base 2]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Evapotranspiration&diff=3727Evapotranspiration2010-11-08T16:01:30Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>Evapotranspiration is the sum of water evaporated from soil, canopy storage, surface water column and from plant transpiration.<br />
<br />
==Reference Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
Reference evapotranspiration is an input for MOHID Land and can be provided by user or calculated.<br />
In any case, a property named ''reference evapotranspiration'' must exist in the Basin data file. <br />
This property can have a constant value in time, can be set to be calculated or data can be provided with a ''Timeseries'' file, a ''HDF'' file or any other valid input data file (see '''[[Module FillMatrix]]''').<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
The above example sets a constant reference evapotranspiration of 0.2 mm/h during the entire simulation period. <br />
<br />
To make MOHID Land calculate the reference evapotranspiration, the REMAIN_CONSTANT keyword must be set to 0 (false) and no input data files should be provided. MOHID Land will then calculate the reference evapotranspiration using a set of properties that must be set in the Atmosphere data file (see '''[[Module Atmosphere]]'''). Below is an example of the reference evapotranspiration property set to be calculated: <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
Evapotranspiration is calculated using the 'FAO crop reference evapotranspiration' method, a standardized Penman-Monteith equation.<br />
<br />
All necessary information can be obtained from the FAO website:<br />
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:darkred">'''ATTENTION'''</span>: The "UNITS" chosen for the reference evapotranspiration property are important. Internally MOHID Land will convert the values provided with the user units to m/s (meters by second). The units chosen for the property must match that of the input file if one is used. The units are always in LENGTH/TIME format. <br />
<br />
The valid units for length are: m, cm, mm<br />
The valid units for time are : d (for days), h (for hours), s (for seconds)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Crop Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
If '''[[Module Vegetation]]''' is used, then the reference evapotranspiration will be adjusted using a crop coefficient (Kc) that must be provided in the Vegetation data file (''crop coefficient'' property). <br />
<br />
The Kc can be provided as a constant value or can came from one of the many input options at the disposal of the user through the '''[[Module FillMatrix]]''', like as a timeserie file or as a HDF map, for example.<br />
<br />
The crop evapotranspiration is calculated using the equation below:<br />
<br />
<br />
:<math>CropEvapotrans=RefEvapotrans \times K_{c}</math><br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment===<br />
<br />
Optionally, if the user has a timeseries or map of measured LAI and Potential LAI (LAI for maximum plant growth), this can be provided using the ''leaf area index'' and ''potential leaf area index'' properties in the Vegetation data file (see '''[[Module Vegetation]]'''). When both properties are provided, the Kc can be "adjusted" using the LAI and Potential LAI. The equation used to adjust the Kc based on the Potential and Actual value of LAI can be seen below: <br />
<br />
<br />
:<math>K_{c}=K_{c}-[1.0-(\frac{LAI}{LAI_{dense}})^{0.5}]</math><br />
<br />
<br />
Where <math>LAI_{dense}</math> is the potential LAI (''potential leaf area index'' property)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment related keywords===<br />
<br />
When using the LAI/Potential LAI to adjust the crop coefficient value, it's possible to set a minimum Kc and a value for Kc when LAI is ZERO. This is done using these keywords in the Basin data file:<br />
<br />
DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO<br />
KC_MIN<br />
<br />
The '''DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO''' keyword tells that Kc must be set to this value when LAI is ZERO. The '''KC_MIN''' keyword tells that if the Kc value found is lower than it, so the min value set by user will be used instead. It's a good idea to provide at least a '''KC_MIN''' value (usually 0.3 for soil without vegetation).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration==<br />
<br />
If the keyword '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' in Basin data file was set to 2 (separete evaporation and transpiration), then the crop evapotranspiration will be separated into a Potential Evaporation and a Potencial Transpiration.<br />
<br />
This is done using LAI (leaf area index), according with the equations below:<br />
<br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialTranspiration=CropEvapotrans \times (1.0-e^{-0.463 \times LAI})</math><br />
<br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialEvaporation=CropEvapotrans-PotentialTranspiration</math><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Actual Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
The actual (or real) evapotranspiration is calculated using the crop evapotranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 1) or using the PotentialEvaporation and PotentialTranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 2) and is subjected to the soil water content, stress factors and other limitations (like Head limits).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Basin Output Timeserie==<br />
Depending on the value of the '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' keyword, the 2D output timeserie file for basin (extension srb) will have a set or all of the columns listed next:<br />
<br />
EvapoTranspiration_Rate_[mm/hour] => Actual Evapotranspiration rate (actual transpiration + actual evaporation)<br />
Potential_Crop_EVTP_[mm/hour] => Crop Evapotranspiration rate (reference evapotranspiration rate corrected using Kc)<br />
Potential_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Potential Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Potential_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Potential Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Actual Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Actual Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Reference_Evapotranspiration_[mm/h] => Reference Evapotranspiration rate<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Basin]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module FillMatrix]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Atmosphere]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Vegetation]]'''</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Module_FillMatrix&diff=3726Module FillMatrix2010-11-08T15:59:06Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Overview == <br />
<br />
Throughout all MOHID modules, two-dimensional (e.g. water elevation, wave height, wind velocity, bottom roughness length, etc.) and three-dimensional (e.g. temperature, salinity, nitrate concentrations, etc) variables need to be initialized. Also in some simulations these variables have an imposed solution which needs to be read from a file. In order to reduce input data errors, increase programming efficiency and normalize input data files format a generic input data module (ModuleFillMatrix) was designed. <br />
<br />
This module has a quite vast set of options to initialize and read 2D and 3D arrays, being these options defined in MOHID input data files. <br />
The idea is quite simple, and is based on the fact that each 2D or 3D array to used/computed in MOHID is defined in the input data files in the form of a block.<br />
<br />
ModuleFillMatrix works based on a client/server philosophy, where the client module (e.g. ModuleWaterProperties is responsible for property temperature) requests the server module (ModuleFillMatrix) to handle the initialization (or modification) of the array. Thus, the client module sends information to ModuleFillMatrix about the input data file, namely the identification number (ID) of the file and the ID of the [[block]] in the file where the options for property ''X'' are defined.<br />
<br />
[[Image:FillMatrix.jpg|425px|thumb|center|'''ModuleFillMatrix input data scheme''']]<br />
<br />
== Reading solution from a file ==<br />
The first operation ModuleFillMatrix does is to check whether the array is only to be initialized or if it is to be modified during the simulation from information stored in a file.<br />
<br />
This option is given by keyword [[FILE_IN_TIME]].<br />
<br />
=== Time series file ===<br />
Uses a [[Time Series]] file to initialize the property. <br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myTimeSeriesFile.dat<br />
DATA_COLUMN : 2<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0<br />
<br />
=== HDF file ===<br />
Reads the solution from an [[HDF file]].<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : HDF<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myHDFfile.dat<br />
VGROUP_PATH : \Results<br />
MULTIPLYING_FACTOR : 1<br />
HDF_FIELD_NAME : temperature<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 15<br />
<br />
=== Time series profile file ===<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : PROFILE_TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myProfileTimeSeriesFile.dat<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 5<br />
<br />
== Initialization methods ==<br />
<br />
This option is given by keyword [[INITIALIZATION_METHOD]].<br />
<br />
=== Constant === <br />
Assumes a constant value to initialize the property.<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : CONSTANT<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 20<br />
<br />
=== ASCII Grid Data file ===<br />
Uses a [[Grid Data]] file to initialize the property.<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : ASCII_FILE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myGridDataFile.dat<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0<br />
<br />
=== Boxes ===<br />
Uses a [[Boxes]] file to initialize the property. The default value is given to every grid point which is not inside any of the defined boxes. <br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : BOXES<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myBoxesFile.dat <br />
BOXES_VALUES : 12.3 15.2 12.7 13.4 14.1<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0<br />
<br />
=== Layers ===<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : LAYERS<br />
LAYERS_VALUES : 35.4 35.2 36.1 <br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 35.5<br />
<br />
=== Profile file ===<br />
Uses a [[Profile]] file to initialize the property. <br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : PROFILE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myProfileFile.dat<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 15<br />
<br />
=== Analytical profile ===<br />
An analytical profile can be given with a linear or a exponential format. <br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : ANALYTIC_PROFILE<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 20<br />
<br />
For a linear profile (<math>Value = DefaultValue + CoefA * \frac{CellDepth} {CoefB}</math>) define: <br />
<br />
PROFILE_TYPE : LINEAR<br />
<br />
For a exponential profile (<math>Value = DefaultValue - CoefA^{- \frac{CellDepth} {CoefB}}</math>) define: <br />
<br />
PROFILE_TYPE : EXPONENTIAL<br />
<br />
The coefficients can be given by the following keywords:<br />
<br />
CoefA : 0.1<br />
CoefB : 4500<br />
<br />
=== HDF file ===<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : HDF<br />
VGROUP_PATH : \Results<br />
MULTIPLYING_FACTOR : 1<br />
HDF_FIELD_NAME : temperature<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 15<br />
<br />
=== Time series file ===<br />
Uses a [[Time Series]] file to initialize the property. <br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myTimeSeriesFile.dat<br />
DATA_COLUMN : 2<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0<br />
<br />
=== Time series profile file ===<br />
<br />
FILE_IN_TIME : NONE<br />
INITIALIZATION_METHOD : PROFILE_TIMESERIE<br />
FILENAME : ..\..\GeneralData\myProfileTimeSeriesFile.dat<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 10<br />
<br />
<br />
== Important notes == <br />
Keyword [[DEFAULTVALUE]] has '''always''' to be present. This insures that the user must be aware of the initialization option. <br />
<br />
Keyword [[REMAIN_CONSTANT]] defines whether the property will remain unaltered during the simulation. By default this boolean keyword is FALSE, which means that the model will dynamically compute the property values (e.g. current velocities) or it will read them from a file (e.g. wind speed and direction). If it's TRUE this means that the property values will remain constant throughout the simulation (e.g. constant wind speed and direction in a scenario simulation).<br />
<br />
== List of properties which are handled by Module FillMatrix ==<br />
<br />
=== ModuleAtmosphere ===<br />
All properties of this module are 2D arrays:<br />
*wind modulos<br />
*wind angle<br />
*wind velocity X<br />
*wind velocity Y<br />
*air temperature<br />
*relative humidity<br />
*sun hours<br />
*cloud cover<br />
*irrigation<br />
*precipitation<br />
*solar radiation<br />
*atmospheric pressure<br />
*mean sea level pressure<br />
*Other properties* (like concentrations on precipitation and irrigation) <br />
<br />
=== ModuleAssimilation ===<br />
All 2D/3D fields which can be used for any type of relaxation scheme or reference solution. This includes the reference fields and the decayment coefficients. <br />
<br />
=== ModuleConsolidation ===<br />
*porosity (3D)<br />
*stationary porosity (3D)<br />
*rosion critical shear stress( 3D)<br />
<br />
=== ModuleHydrodynamic ===<br />
*water level(2D)<br />
*velocity U (3D)<br />
*velocity V (3D)<br />
*drag coefficient (3D) - used in when parameterizing obstacles<br />
<br />
=== ModuleInterfaceWaterAir ===<br />
*latent heat<br />
*sensible heat<br />
*net long wave radiation<br />
*upward long wave radiation<br />
*downward long wave radiation<br />
*evaporation<br />
*“non-solar” flux<br />
*wind shear stress X<br />
*wind shear stress Y<br />
*Surface radiation<br />
*Turbulent kinetic energy<br />
*wind shear velocity<br />
*carbon dioxide flux<br />
*oxygen flux<br />
<br />
=== ModuleInterfaceSedimentWater ===<br />
*manning coefficient (2D)<br />
*rugosity coefficient (2D)<br />
*“wave” rugosity coefficient (2D)<br />
*Erosion critical shear stress (2D)<br />
*Deposition critical shear stress (2D)<br />
*Erosion reference rate (2D)<br />
*Diffusion coefficient (2D)<br />
*Consolidation rate (2D)<br />
*Other properties* (2D)<br />
<br />
=== ModuleSand ===<br />
*D35<br />
*D50<br />
*D90<br />
*bed rock<br />
*sand classes diameter<br />
*sand classes percentage<br />
<br />
=== ModuleSedimentProperties ===<br />
*Other properties*<br />
*Partition fraction<br />
*Partition rate<br />
*Sediment dry density<br />
*Turbulent horizontal diffusion coefficient<br />
*Turbulent vertical diffusion coefficient<br />
<br />
=== ModuleTurbulence ===<br />
*horizontal viscosity<br />
*vertical viscosity<br />
<br />
=== ModuleWaterProperties ===<br />
*sigma-T (density)<br />
*specific heat<br />
*filtration rate<br />
*other properties*<br />
<br />
=== ModuleWaves ===<br />
*wave height<br />
*wave period<br />
*wave direction<br />
*radiation stress X<br />
*radiation stress Y<br />
<br />
=== ModuleBasin ===<br />
All properties of this module are 2D arrays:<br />
*reference evapotranspiration<br />
<br />
=== ModuleVegetation ===<br />
All properties of this module are 2D arrays:<br />
*leaf area index<br />
*potential leaf area index<br />
*crop coefficient<br />
*root depth<br />
*specific leaf storage<br />
<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
Read the FillMatrix Module [http://maretec.mohid.com/PublicData/products/Manuals/FillMatrix.pdf manual]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modules]]<br />
[[Category:MOHID Base 2]]<br />
[[Category:Input Data Formats]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Evapotranspiration&diff=3725Evapotranspiration2010-11-08T15:51:05Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>Evapotranspiration is the sum of water evaporated from soil, canopy storage, surface water column and from plant transpiration.<br />
<br />
==Reference Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
Reference evapotranspiration is an input for MOHID Land and can be provided by user or calculated.<br />
In any case, a property named ''reference evapotranspiration'' must exist in the Basin data file. <br />
This property can have a constant value in time, can be set to be calculated or data can be provided with a ''Timeseries'' file, a ''HDF'' file or any other valid input data file (see '''[[Module FillMatrix]]''').<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
The above example sets a constant reference evapotranspiration of 0.2 mm/h during the entire simulation period. <br />
<br />
To make MOHID Land calculate the reference evapotranspiration, the REMAIN_CONSTANT keyword must be set to 0 (false) and no input data files should be provided. MOHID Land will then calculate the reference evapotranspiration using a set of properties that must be set in the Atmosphere data file (see '''[[Module Atmosphere]]'''). Below is an example of the reference evapotranspiration property set to be calculated: <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
Evapotranspiration is calculated using the 'FAO crop reference evapotranspiration' method, a standardized Penman-Monteith equation.<br />
<br />
All necessary information can be obtained from the FAO website:<br />
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:darkred">'''ATTENTION'''</span>: The "UNITS" chosen for the reference evapotranspiration property are important. Internally MOHID Land will convert the values provided with the user units to m/s (meters by second). The units chosen for the property must match that of the input file if one is used. The units are always in LENGTH/TIME format. <br />
<br />
The valid units for length are: m, cm, mm<br />
The valid units for time are : d (for days), h (for hours), s (for seconds)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Crop Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
If '''[[Module Vegetation]]''' is used, then the reference evapotranspiration will be adjusted using a crop coefficient (Kc) that must be provided in the Vegetation data file (''crop coefficient'' property). <br />
<br />
The Kc can be provided as a constant value or can came from one of the many input options at the disposal of the user through the '''[[Module FillMatrix]]''', like as a timeserie file or as a HDF map, for example.<br />
<br />
The crop evapotranspiration is calculated using the equation below:<br />
<br />
:<math>CropEvapotrans=RefEvapotrans \times K_{c}</math><br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment===<br />
<br />
Optionally, if the user has a timeseries or map of measured LAI and Potential LAI (LAI for maximum plant growth), this can be provided using the ''leaf area index'' and ''potential leaf area index'' properties in the Vegetation data file (see '''[[Module Vegetation]]'''). When both properties are provided, the Kc can be "adjusted" using the LAI and Potential LAI. The equation used to adjust the Kc based on the Potential and Actual value of LAI can be seen below: <br />
<br />
:<math>K_{c}=K_{c}-[1.0-(\frac{LAI}{LAI_{dense}})^{0.5}]</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>LAI_{dense}</math> is the potential LAI (''potential leaf area index'' property)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment related keywords===<br />
<br />
When using the LAI/Potential LAI to adjust the crop coefficient value, it's possible to set a minimum Kc and a value for Kc when LAI is ZERO. This is done using these keywords in the Basin data file:<br />
<br />
DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO<br />
KC_MIN<br />
<br />
The '''DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO''' keyword tells that Kc must be set to this value when LAI is ZERO. The '''KC_MIN''' keyword tells that if the Kc value found is lower than it, so the min value set by user will be used instead. It's a good idea to provide at least a '''KC_MIN''' value (usually 0.3 for soil without vegetation).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration==<br />
<br />
If the keyword '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' in Basin data file was set to 2 (separete evaporation and transpiration), then the crop evapotranspiration will be separated into a Potential Evaporation and a Potencial Transpiration.<br />
<br />
This is done using LAI (leaf area index), according with the equations below:<br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialTranspiration=CropEvapotrans \times (1.0-e^{-0.463 \times LAI})</math><br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialEvaporation=CropEvapotrans-PotentialTranspiration</math><br />
<br />
<br />
==Actual Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
The actual (or real) evapotranspiration is calculated using the crop evapotranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 1) or using the PotentialEvaporation and PotentialTranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 2) and is subjected to the soil water content, stress factors and other limitations (like Head limits).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Basin Output Timeserie==<br />
Depending on the value of the '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' keyword, the 2D output timeserie file for basin (extension srb) will have a set or all of the columns listed next:<br />
<br />
EvapoTranspiration_Rate_[mm/hour] => Actual Evapotranspiration rate (actual transpiration + actual evaporation)<br />
Potential_Crop_EVTP_[mm/hour] => Crop Evapotranspiration rate (reference evapotranspiration rate corrected using Kc)<br />
Potential_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Potential Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Potential_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Potential Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Actual Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Actual Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Reference_Evapotranspiration_[mm/h] => Reference Evapotranspiration rate<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Basin]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module FillMatrix]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Atmosphere]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Module Vegetation]]'''</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Evapotranspiration&diff=3722Evapotranspiration2010-11-08T15:29:32Z<p>Jauch: /* Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration */</p>
<hr />
<div>Evapotranspiration is the sum of water evaporated from soil, canopy storage, surface water column and from plant transpiration.<br />
<br />
==Reference Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
Reference evapotranspiration is an input for MOHID Land and can be provided by user or calculated.<br />
In any case, a property named ''reference evapotranspiration'' must exist in the Basin data file. <br />
This property can have a constant value in time, can be set to be calculated or data can be provided with a ''Timeseries'' file, a ''HDF'' file or any other valid input data file (see [[Module FillMatrix]]).<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
The above example sets a constant reference evapotranspiration of 0.2 mm/h during the entire simulation period. <br />
<br />
To make MOHID Land calculate the reference evapotranspiration, the REMAIN_CONSTANT keyword must be set to 0 (false) and no input data files should be provided. MOHID Land will then calculate the reference evapotranspiration using a set of properties that must be set in the Atmosphere data file (see [[Module Atmosphere]]). Below is an example of the reference evapotranspiration property set to be calculated: <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
Evaportransipiration is calculated with the 'FAO crop reference evapotranspiration', a standardized Penman-Monteith equation.<br />
<br />
All necessary information can be obtained from the FAO website:<br />
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:darkred">'''ATTENTION'''</span>: The "UNITS" chosen for the reference evapotranspiration property are important. Internally MOHID Land will convert the values provided with the user units to m/s (meters by second). The units chosen for the property must match that of the input file if one is used. The units are always in LENGTH/TIME format. <br />
<br />
The valid units for length are: m, cm, mm<br />
The valid units for time are : d (for days), h (for hours), s (for seconds)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Crop Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
If [[Module Vegetation]] is used, then the reference evapotranspiration will be adjusted using a crop coefficient (Kc) that must be provided in the Vegetation data file (''crop coefficient'' property). <br />
<br />
The Kc can be provided as a constant value or can came from one of the many input options at the disposal of the user through the [[Module FillMatrix]], like as a timeserie file or as a HDF map, for example.<br />
<br />
The crop evapotranspiration is calculated using the equation below:<br />
<br />
:<math>CropEvapotrans=RefEvapotrans \times K_{corr}</math><br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment===<br />
<br />
Optionally, if the user has a timeseries or map of measured LAI and Potential LAI (LAI for maximum plant growth), this can be provided using the ''leaf area index'' and ''potential leaf area index'' properties in the Vegetation data file (see [[Module Vegetation]]). When both properties are provided, the Kc can be "adjusted" using the LAI and Potential LAI. The equation used can be seen below: <br />
<br />
:<math>K_{c}=K_{c}-[1.0-(\frac{LAI}{LAI_{dense}})^{0.5}]</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>LAI_{dense}</math> is the potential LAI (''potential leaf area index'' property)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment related keywords===<br />
<br />
When using the LAI/Potential LAI to adjust the crop coefficient value, it's possible to set a minimum Kc and a value for Kc when LAI is ZERO. This is done using these keywords in the Basin data file:<br />
<br />
DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO<br />
KC_MIN<br />
<br />
The '''DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO''' keyword tells that Kcorr must be set to this value when LAI is ZERO. The '''KC_MIN''' keyword tell that if the adjusted value found is lower than it, so the min value will be used instead. It's a good idea provide at least a '''KC_MIN''' value (usually 0.3 for soil without vegetation).<br />
<br />
==Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration==<br />
<br />
If the keyword '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' in Basin data file was set to 2 (separete evaporation and transpiration), then the crop evapotranspiration will be separated into a Potential Evaporation and a Potencial Transpiration.<br />
<br />
This is done using LAI (leaf area index), according with the equations below:<br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialTranspiration=CropEvapotrans \times (1.0-e^{-0.463 \times LAI})</math><br />
<br />
:<math>PotentialEvaporation=CropEvapotrans-PotentialTranspiration</math><br />
<br />
==Actual Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
The actual (or real) evapotranspiration is calculated using the crop evapotranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 1) or using the PotentialEvaporation and PotentialTranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 2) and is subjected to the soil water content, stress factors and other limitations (like Head limits).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Basin Output Timeserie==<br />
Depending on the value of the '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' keyword, the 2D output timeserie file for basin (extension srb) will have a set or all of the columns listed next:<br />
<br />
EvapoTranspiration_Rate_[mm/hour] => Actual Evapotranspiration rate (actual transpiration + actual evaporation)<br />
Potential_Crop_EVTP_[mm/hour] => Crop Evapotranspiration rate (reference evapotranspiration rate corrected using Kc)<br />
Potential_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Potential Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Potential_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Potential Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Actual Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Actual Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Reference_Evapotranspiration_[mm/h] => Reference Evapotranspiration rate<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[[Module Basin]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module FillMatrix]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Atmosphere]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Vegetation]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Evapotranspiration&diff=3721Evapotranspiration2010-11-08T15:29:06Z<p>Jauch: /* Crop Evapotranspiration */</p>
<hr />
<div>Evapotranspiration is the sum of water evaporated from soil, canopy storage, surface water column and from plant transpiration.<br />
<br />
==Reference Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
Reference evapotranspiration is an input for MOHID Land and can be provided by user or calculated.<br />
In any case, a property named ''reference evapotranspiration'' must exist in the Basin data file. <br />
This property can have a constant value in time, can be set to be calculated or data can be provided with a ''Timeseries'' file, a ''HDF'' file or any other valid input data file (see [[Module FillMatrix]]).<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
The above example sets a constant reference evapotranspiration of 0.2 mm/h during the entire simulation period. <br />
<br />
To make MOHID Land calculate the reference evapotranspiration, the REMAIN_CONSTANT keyword must be set to 0 (false) and no input data files should be provided. MOHID Land will then calculate the reference evapotranspiration using a set of properties that must be set in the Atmosphere data file (see [[Module Atmosphere]]). Below is an example of the reference evapotranspiration property set to be calculated: <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
Evaportransipiration is calculated with the 'FAO crop reference evapotranspiration', a standardized Penman-Monteith equation.<br />
<br />
All necessary information can be obtained from the FAO website:<br />
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:darkred">'''ATTENTION'''</span>: The "UNITS" chosen for the reference evapotranspiration property are important. Internally MOHID Land will convert the values provided with the user units to m/s (meters by second). The units chosen for the property must match that of the input file if one is used. The units are always in LENGTH/TIME format. <br />
<br />
The valid units for length are: m, cm, mm<br />
The valid units for time are : d (for days), h (for hours), s (for seconds)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Crop Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
If [[Module Vegetation]] is used, then the reference evapotranspiration will be adjusted using a crop coefficient (Kc) that must be provided in the Vegetation data file (''crop coefficient'' property). <br />
<br />
The Kc can be provided as a constant value or can came from one of the many input options at the disposal of the user through the [[Module FillMatrix]], like as a timeserie file or as a HDF map, for example.<br />
<br />
The crop evapotranspiration is calculated using the equation below:<br />
<br />
:<math>CropEvapotrans=RefEvapotrans \times K_{corr}</math><br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment===<br />
<br />
Optionally, if the user has a timeseries or map of measured LAI and Potential LAI (LAI for maximum plant growth), this can be provided using the ''leaf area index'' and ''potential leaf area index'' properties in the Vegetation data file (see [[Module Vegetation]]). When both properties are provided, the Kc can be "adjusted" using the LAI and Potential LAI. The equation used can be seen below: <br />
<br />
:<math>K_{c}=K_{c}-[1.0-(\frac{LAI}{LAI_{dense}})^{0.5}]</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>LAI_{dense}</math> is the potential LAI (''potential leaf area index'' property)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Crop Coefficient Adjustment related keywords===<br />
<br />
When using the LAI/Potential LAI to adjust the crop coefficient value, it's possible to set a minimum Kc and a value for Kc when LAI is ZERO. This is done using these keywords in the Basin data file:<br />
<br />
DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO<br />
KC_MIN<br />
<br />
The '''DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO''' keyword tells that Kcorr must be set to this value when LAI is ZERO. The '''KC_MIN''' keyword tell that if the adjusted value found is lower than it, so the min value will be used instead. It's a good idea provide at least a '''KC_MIN''' value (usually 0.3 for soil without vegetation).<br />
<br />
==Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration==<br />
<br />
If the keyword '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' in Basin data file was set to 2 (separete evaporation and transpiration), then the crop evapotranspiration will be separated into a Potential Evaporation and a Potencial Transpiration.<br />
<br />
This is done using LAI (leaf area index), according with the equations below:<br />
<br />
<math>PotentialTranspiration=CropEvapotrans \times (1.0-e^{-0.463 \times LAI})</math><br />
<br />
<math>PotentialEvaporation=CropEvapotrans-PotentialTranspiration</math><br />
<br />
<br />
==Actual Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
The actual (or real) evapotranspiration is calculated using the crop evapotranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 1) or using the PotentialEvaporation and PotentialTranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 2) and is subjected to the soil water content, stress factors and other limitations (like Head limits).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Basin Output Timeserie==<br />
Depending on the value of the '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' keyword, the 2D output timeserie file for basin (extension srb) will have a set or all of the columns listed next:<br />
<br />
EvapoTranspiration_Rate_[mm/hour] => Actual Evapotranspiration rate (actual transpiration + actual evaporation)<br />
Potential_Crop_EVTP_[mm/hour] => Crop Evapotranspiration rate (reference evapotranspiration rate corrected using Kc)<br />
Potential_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Potential Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Potential_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Potential Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Actual Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Actual Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Reference_Evapotranspiration_[mm/h] => Reference Evapotranspiration rate<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[[Module Basin]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module FillMatrix]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Atmosphere]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Vegetation]]</div>Jauchhttp://wiki.mohid.com/index.php?title=Evapotranspiration&diff=3720Evapotranspiration2010-11-08T14:02:24Z<p>Jauch: </p>
<hr />
<div>Evapotranspiration is the sum of water evaporated from soil, canopy storage, surface water column and from plant transpiration.<br />
<br />
==Reference Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
Reference evapotranspiration is an input for MOHID Land and can be provided by user or calculated.<br />
In any case, a property named ''reference evapotranspiration'' must exist in the Basin data file. <br />
This property can have a constant value in time, can be set to be calculated or data can be provided with a ''Timeseries'' file, a ''HDF'' file or any other valid input data file (see [[Module FillMatrix]]).<br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.2<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 1<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
The above example sets a constant reference evapotranspiration of 0.2 mm/h during the entire simulation period. <br />
<br />
To make MOHID Land calculate the reference evapotranspiration, the REMAIN_CONSTANT keyword must be set to 0 (false) and no input data files should be provided. MOHID Land will then calculate the reference evapotranspiration using a set of properties that must be set in the Atmosphere data file (see [[Module Atmosphere]]). Below is an example of the reference evapotranspiration property set to be calculated: <br />
<br />
<beginproperty><br />
NAME : reference evapotranspiration<br />
UNITS : mm/h<br />
DESCRIPTION : fao evapotranspiration<br />
DEFAULTVALUE : 0.0<br />
REMAIN_CONSTANT : 0<br />
NO_INTERPOLATION_OR_ACCUMULATION : 1<br />
<endproperty><br />
<br />
Evaportransipiration is calculated with the 'FAO crop reference evapotranspiration', a standardized Penman-Monteith equation.<br />
<br />
All necessary information can be obtained from the FAO website:<br />
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents]<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color:darkred">'''ATTENTION'''</span>: The "UNITS" chosen for the reference evapotranspiration property are important. Internally MOHID Land will convert the values provided with the user units to m/s (meters by second). The units chosen for the property must match that of the input file if one is used. The units are always in LENGTH/TIME format. <br />
<br />
The valid units for length are: m, cm, mm<br />
The valid units for time are : d (for days), h (for hours), s (for seconds)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Crop Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
If [[Module Vegetation]] is used, then the reference evapotranspiration will be adjusted using the crop coefficient property, that must be provided in the Vegetation data file. Optionally, the user can provide a "potential leaf area index" property (also in the Vegetation data file). In this case, the crop coefficient (Kc) will be adjusted using the LAI (leaf area index) before the crop evapotranspiration is calculated. This is done using the equation below:<br />
<br />
<math>K_{corr}=K_{c}-[1.0-(\frac{LAI}{LAI_{dense}})^{0.5}]</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>LAI_{dense}</math> is the potential LAI (''potential leaf area index'' property)<br />
<br />
If the ''potential leaf area index'' property is not provided, then the crop coefficient value is used without modification.<br />
<br />
<math>K_{corr}=K_{c}</math><br />
<br />
After the Kcorr is found, the reference evapotranspiration is adjusted using it:<br />
<br />
<math>CropEvapotrans=RefEvapotrans \times K_{corr}</math><br />
<br />
<br />
===Basin data file keywords related with the Crop Coefficient (Kc) adjustment===<br />
When using the LAI to adjust the crop coefficient value, it's possible to set a minimum Kc and a value for Kc when LAI is ZERO. This is done using these keywords in the Basin data file:<br />
<br />
DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO<br />
KC_MIN<br />
<br />
The '''DEFAULT_KC_WHEN_LAI_ZERO''' keyword tells that Kcorr must be set to this value when LAI is ZERO. The '''KC_MIN''' keyword tell that if the adjusted value found is lower than it, so the min value will be used instead. It's a good idea provide at least a '''KC_MIN''' value (usually 0.3 for soil without vegetation). <br />
<br />
<br />
==Potencial Evaporation & Potencial Transpiration==<br />
<br />
If the keyword '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' in Basin data file was set to 2 (separete evaporation and transpiration), then the crop evapotranspiration will be separated into a Potential Evaporation and a Potencial Transpiration.<br />
<br />
This is done using LAI (leaf area index), according with the equations below:<br />
<br />
<math>PotentialTranspiration=CropEvapotrans \times (1.0-e^{-0.463 \times LAI})</math><br />
<br />
<math>PotentialEvaporation=CropEvapotrans-PotentialTranspiration</math><br />
<br />
<br />
==Actual Evapotranspiration==<br />
<br />
The actual (or real) evapotranspiration is calculated using the crop evapotranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 1) or using the PotentialEvaporation and PotentialTranspiration (if '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' = 2) and is subjected to the soil water content, stress factors and other limitations (like Head limits).<br />
<br />
<br />
==Basin Output Timeserie==<br />
Depending on the value of the '''EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD''' keyword, the 2D output timeserie file for basin (extension srb) will have a set or all of the columns listed next:<br />
<br />
EvapoTranspiration_Rate_[mm/hour] => Actual Evapotranspiration rate (actual transpiration + actual evaporation)<br />
Potential_Crop_EVTP_[mm/hour] => Crop Evapotranspiration rate (reference evapotranspiration rate corrected using Kc)<br />
Potential_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Potential Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Potential_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Potential Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Evaporation_[mm/h] => Actual Evaporation rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Actual_Transpiration_[mm/h] => Actual Transpiration rate (only if EVAPOTRANSPIRATION_METHOD = 2)<br />
Reference_Evapotranspiration_[mm/h] => Reference Evapotranspiration rate<br />
<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
*[[Module Basin]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module FillMatrix]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Atmosphere]]<br />
<br />
*[[Module Vegetation]]</div>Jauch