Difference between revisions of "Module CEQUALW2"
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| − | Module CEQUALW2 is a module using the [[CE-QUAL-W2]] ecological model formulations. CE-QUAL-W2 is 2D laterally average hydrodynamic and ecological model developed at the U.S. Corps of Engineers and it's normally used to simulate water quality in reservoirs. Its ecological formulations were adapted and re-programmed into MOHID as Module CEQUALW2. This module is able to simulate 22 properties, including temperature, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica biogeochemical cycles), oxygen and several species of algae (microalgae). The model does not simulate macroalgae, neither the influence of zooplankton in the primary production. | + | Module CEQUALW2 is a module using the [[CE-QUAL-W2]] ecological model formulations. CE-QUAL-W2 is 2D laterally average hydrodynamic and ecological model developed at the U.S. Corps of Engineers and it's normally used to simulate water quality in reservoirs. Its ecological formulations were adapted and re-programmed into MOHID as Module CEQUALW2 which made it possible to run 3D applications with these ecological formulations. This module is able to simulate 22 properties, including temperature, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica biogeochemical cycles), oxygen and several species of algae (microalgae). The model does not simulate macroalgae, neither the influence of zooplankton in the primary production. |
| − | = | + | =Processes= |
| − | ''' | + | '''Properties''' |
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| − | + | Temperature | |
| − | + | Microalgae (algae and epiphytes) [[File:esquema_cequal.png|thumb|center|400px|CEQUALW2 processes integrated in the MOHID system]] | |
| − | + | Cohesive sediments | |
| − | + | Detritus | |
| − | + | Oxygen | |
| + | Carbon dioxide | ||
| + | Ph | ||
| + | Alcalinity | ||
| + | Bicarbonate | ||
| + | Carbonate | ||
| + | BOD | ||
| + | Nitrate | ||
| + | Ammonia | ||
| + | Refractory particulate organic matter | ||
| + | Labile particulate organic matter | ||
| + | Refractory dissolved organic matter | ||
| + | Labile dissolved organic matter | ||
| + | Inorganic phosphorous | ||
| + | Particulate silica | ||
| + | Dissolved silica | ||
| + | Inorganic carbon | ||
| − | + | =Keywords= | |
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| + | '''CequalW2''' | ||
| − | + | Keywords :Data Type Default Comment | |
| − | + | DTSECONDS :Real 1200 ! Time step | |
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| − | + | <begin_algae> | |
| + | NAME :Char !Name of the algae | ||
| + | A_GROWTH :Real 2 !DEFAULT: 2 - Maximum algae growth | ||
| + | A_RESPIRATION :Real 0.04 !Maximum algae respiration | ||
| + | A_EXCRETION :Real 0.04 !Maximum algae excretion | ||
| + | A_MORTALITY :Real 0.1 !Maximum algae mortality | ||
| + | A_HALFSAT_P :Real 0.003 !Algal half-saturation P [g m^-3] | ||
| + | A_HALFSAT_N :Real 0.014 !Algal half-saturation N [g m^-3] | ||
| + | A_HALFSAT_SI :Real 0 !Algal half-saturation N [g m^-3] | ||
| + | A_LIGHT_SAT :Real 75 !Algal saturating light intensity at maximum phtosynthetic rate [W m^-2] | ||
| + | A_T1 :Real 5 !Lower temperature for algal growth (ºC) | ||
| + | A_T2 :Real 25 ! Lower temperature for maximum algal growth (ºC) | ||
| + | A_T3 :Real 35 ! Upper temperature for maximum algal growth | ||
| + | A_T4 :Real 40 ! Upper temperature for algal growth | ||
| + | A_K1 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of algal growth rate at AT1 | ||
| + | A_K2 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum algal growth rate at AT2 | ||
| + | A_K3 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum algal growth rate at AT3 | ||
| + | A_K4 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of algal growth rate at AT4 | ||
| + | A_OK1 :Real 13 | ||
| + | A_OK2 :Real 11 !Algal half-saturation coefficients for oxygen consumption [mgO2/l] | ||
| + | A_OK3 :Real 2.5 | ||
| + | A_OK4 :Real 7 | ||
| + | A_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for phosphorus | ||
| + | A_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for nitrogen | ||
| + | A_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for carbon | ||
| + | A_STOICHIOMETRY_Si :Real 0.18 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for silica | ||
| + | A_POM :Real 0.8 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for POM | ||
| + | A_NEQUATIONNUMBER :Integer 2 !Equation for preference factor (either 1 or 2) | ||
| + | A_AMMONIUM_PREF :Real 0.001 !half-saturation copreference constant | ||
| + | O2_A_RESPIRATION :Real 1.1 !Stoichiometry coefficient in respiration | ||
| + | O2_A_GROWTH :Real 1.4 !Stoichiometry coefficient in growth | ||
| + | <end_algae> | ||
| + | <begin_om> | ||
| + | LDOM_DECAY :Real 0.1 !LDOM decay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | RDOM_DECAY :Real 0.001 !RDOM decay rate [day^-1 | ||
| + | LRDOM_DECAY :Real 0.01 !Labile to refractory DOM dekay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | LPOM_DECAY :Real 0.08 !LPOM decay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | RPOM_DECAY :Real 0.001 !RPOM decay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | LRPOM_DECAY :Real 0.01 !LRPOM decay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorus | ||
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Stoichiometric coef. for nitrogen | ||
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Stoichiometric coef. for carbon | ||
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_SI :Real 0.18 !Stoichiometric coef. for silica | ||
| + | OM_T1 :Real 4 !Organic Matter Temperature Rate Multipliers | ||
| + | OM_T2 :Real 25 | ||
| + | OM_K1 :Real 0.1 !Organic Matter Temperature Rate Multipliers | ||
| + | OM_K2 :Real 0.99 | ||
| + | O2_OM :Real 1.4 !O2OM - Oxygen stoichiometry for organic matter decay | ||
| + | <end_om> | ||
| − | + | <begin_BOD> | |
| + | BOD_DECAY :Real 0.25 !CBOD Decay Rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | BOD_T_COEF :Real 1.0147 !BOD Temperature Rate Multiplier | ||
| + | BOD_RATIO :Real 1.85 !Ratio of CBOD5 to ultimate CBOD | ||
| + | BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.004 !Phosphorus/CBOD stochiometric ratio | ||
| + | BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.06 !Nitrogen/CBOD stochiometric ratio | ||
| + | BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.32 !Carbon/CBOD stochiometric ratio | ||
| + | <end_BOD> | ||
| − | + | <begin_oxygen> | |
| + | O2_METHOD :Integer 1 !Method to compute oxygen: 1 – Simple with O2_LIM; 2 – Monod curve; 3 – Ecotoxicity curve | ||
| + | O2LIM :Real 0.1 !Dissolved oxygen concentration at which anaerobic processes begin [g m^-3] | ||
| + | O2_K1 :Real 2.5 !Toxicity equation coefficients for oxygen consumption | ||
| + | O2_K2 :Real 7 | ||
| + | <end_oxygen> | ||
| − | + | <begin_nitro> | |
| + | NH4_DECAY :Real 0.12 !Ammonium Decay Rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | NH4_T1 :Real 5 !Minimum Temperature (T1) | ||
| + | NH4_T2 :Real 25 !upper temperature (T2) | ||
| + | NH4_K1 :Real 0.1 !Multiplier factor for T1 | ||
| + | NH4_K2 :Real 0.99 !Multiplier factor for T2 | ||
| + | NO3_DECAY :Real 0.03 !Nitrate Decay Rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | NO3_T1 :Real 5 !Minimum temperature (T1) | ||
| + | NO3_T2 :Real 25 !Optimal temperature (T2) | ||
| + | NO3_K1 :Real 0.1 !Multiplier factor for T1 | ||
| + | NO3_K2 :Real 0.99 !Multiplier factor for T2 | ||
| + | O2_NH4 :Real 4.57 !O2NH4 - Oxygen stoichiometry for nitrification | ||
| + | <end_nitro> | ||
| − | + | <begin_epiphyton> | |
| + | NAME :Char !Name of the epiphyte | ||
| + | E_GROWTH :Real 2 !Maximum epiphyte growth | ||
| + | E_RESPIRATION :Real 0.04 !Maximum epiphyte respiration | ||
| + | E_EXCRETION :Real 0.04 !Maximum epiphyte excretion | ||
| + | E_MORTALITY :Real 0.1 !DEFAULT: 0.15 - Maximum epiphyte mortality | ||
| + | E_HALFSAT_P :Real 0.003 ! epiphyte half-saturation P [g m^-3] | ||
| + | E_HALFSAT_N :Real 0.014 ! epiphyte half-saturation N [g m^-3] | ||
| + | E_HALFSAT_SI :Real 0 ! epiphyte half-saturation N [g m^-3] | ||
| + | E_LIGHT_SAT :Real 75 ! epiphyte saturating light intensity at maximum phtosynthetic rate [W m^-2] | ||
| + | E_T1 :Real 5 !Lower temperature for epiphyte growth (ºC) | ||
| + | E_T2 :Real 25 ! Lower temperature for maximum epiphyte growth (ºC) | ||
| + | E_T3 :Real 35 ! Upper temperature for maximum epiphyte growth | ||
| + | E_T4 :Real 40 ! Upper temperature for epiphyte growth | ||
| + | E_K1 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of epiphyte growth rate at AT1 | ||
| + | E_K2 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum epiphyte growth rate at AT2 | ||
| + | E_K3 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum epiphyte growth rate at AT3 | ||
| + | E_K4 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of epiphyte growth rate at AT4 | ||
| + | E_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for phosphorus | ||
| + | E_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for nitrogen | ||
| + | E_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for carbon | ||
| + | E_STOICHIOMETRY_Si :Real 0.18 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for silica | ||
| + | E_POM :Real 0.8 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for POM | ||
| + | E_NEQUATIONNUMBER :Integer 2 !Equation for preference factor (either 1 or 2) | ||
| + | E_AMMONIUM_PREF :Real 0.001 !half-saturation copreference constant | ||
| + | O2_E_RESPIRATION :Real 1.1 !Stoichiometry coefficient in respiration | ||
| + | O2_E_GROWTH :Real 1.4 !Stoichiometry coefficient in growth | ||
| + | < end_epiphyton > | ||
| − | + | <begin_phos> | |
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorous | ||
| + | <end_phos> | ||
| − | < | + | <begin_ammonia> |
| − | + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorous | |
| − | < | + | <end_ammonia> |
| − | + | <begin_silica> | |
| + | PARTSI_DECAY :Real 0.3 !Particulate biogenic silica decay rate [day^-1] | ||
| + | <end_silica> | ||
| − | + | <begin_dsi> | |
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_SI :Real 0.18 !Stoichiometric coef. for silica | ||
| + | <end_dsi> | ||
| − | + | <begin_ic> | |
| + | OM_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Stoichiometric coef. for carbon | ||
| + | <end_ic> | ||
| − | + | '''BenthicCequalW2''' | |
| − | + | DTSECONDS :Real 1200 | |
| + | <begin_SOD> | ||
| + | PO4R :Real 0.001 ! Release of PO4 by SOD rate | ||
| + | NH4R :Real 0.001 ! Release of PO4 by SOD rate | ||
| + | SiR :Real 0.1 ! Release of Silica by SOD rate | ||
| + | CO2R :Real 0.1 ! Release of CO2 by SOD rate | ||
| + | O2Consumption :Integer 1 ! Sink of O2 by SOD rate | ||
| + | DefaultO2 :Integer 1 ! If off, consumes O2 only when there is no Oxygen | ||
| + | SODT1 :Real 4 ! T1 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | SODT2 :Real 35 ! T2 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | SODK1 :Real 0.1 ! K1 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | SODK2 :Real 0.99 ! K2 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | <end_SOD> | ||
| − | <end_det> | + | <begin_det> |
| + | DET_DECAY :Real 0.1 ! Sediment decay rate, [day^-1] | ||
| + | DET_T1 :Real 4 ! T1 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | DET_T2 :Real 30 ! T2 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | DET_K1 :Real 0.1 ! K1 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | DET_K2 :Real 0.99 ! K2 for temperature rate multiplier | ||
| + | <end_det> | ||
[[Category:Modules]] | [[Category:Modules]] | ||
[[Category:MOHID Base 1]] | [[Category:MOHID Base 1]] | ||
[[Category:Biogeochemistry]] | [[Category:Biogeochemistry]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:16, 8 April 2014
Module CEQUALW2 is a module using the CE-QUAL-W2 ecological model formulations. CE-QUAL-W2 is 2D laterally average hydrodynamic and ecological model developed at the U.S. Corps of Engineers and it's normally used to simulate water quality in reservoirs. Its ecological formulations were adapted and re-programmed into MOHID as Module CEQUALW2 which made it possible to run 3D applications with these ecological formulations. This module is able to simulate 22 properties, including temperature, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica biogeochemical cycles), oxygen and several species of algae (microalgae). The model does not simulate macroalgae, neither the influence of zooplankton in the primary production.
Processes
Properties
TemperatureMicroalgae (algae and epiphytes)
Cohesive sediments Detritus Oxygen Carbon dioxide Ph Alcalinity Bicarbonate Carbonate BOD Nitrate Ammonia Refractory particulate organic matter Labile particulate organic matter Refractory dissolved organic matter Labile dissolved organic matter Inorganic phosphorous Particulate silica Dissolved silica Inorganic carbon
Keywords
CequalW2
Keywords :Data Type Default Comment DTSECONDS :Real 1200 ! Time step
<begin_algae> NAME :Char !Name of the algae A_GROWTH :Real 2 !DEFAULT: 2 - Maximum algae growth A_RESPIRATION :Real 0.04 !Maximum algae respiration A_EXCRETION :Real 0.04 !Maximum algae excretion A_MORTALITY :Real 0.1 !Maximum algae mortality A_HALFSAT_P :Real 0.003 !Algal half-saturation P [g m^-3] A_HALFSAT_N :Real 0.014 !Algal half-saturation N [g m^-3] A_HALFSAT_SI :Real 0 !Algal half-saturation N [g m^-3] A_LIGHT_SAT :Real 75 !Algal saturating light intensity at maximum phtosynthetic rate [W m^-2] A_T1 :Real 5 !Lower temperature for algal growth (ºC) A_T2 :Real 25 ! Lower temperature for maximum algal growth (ºC) A_T3 :Real 35 ! Upper temperature for maximum algal growth A_T4 :Real 40 ! Upper temperature for algal growth A_K1 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of algal growth rate at AT1 A_K2 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum algal growth rate at AT2 A_K3 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum algal growth rate at AT3 A_K4 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of algal growth rate at AT4 A_OK1 :Real 13 A_OK2 :Real 11 !Algal half-saturation coefficients for oxygen consumption [mgO2/l] A_OK3 :Real 2.5 A_OK4 :Real 7 A_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for phosphorus A_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for nitrogen A_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for carbon A_STOICHIOMETRY_Si :Real 0.18 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for silica A_POM :Real 0.8 !Algal stoichiometric coefficient for POM A_NEQUATIONNUMBER :Integer 2 !Equation for preference factor (either 1 or 2) A_AMMONIUM_PREF :Real 0.001 !half-saturation copreference constant O2_A_RESPIRATION :Real 1.1 !Stoichiometry coefficient in respiration O2_A_GROWTH :Real 1.4 !Stoichiometry coefficient in growth <end_algae> <begin_om> LDOM_DECAY :Real 0.1 !LDOM decay rate [day^-1] RDOM_DECAY :Real 0.001 !RDOM decay rate [day^-1 LRDOM_DECAY :Real 0.01 !Labile to refractory DOM dekay rate [day^-1] LPOM_DECAY :Real 0.08 !LPOM decay rate [day^-1] RPOM_DECAY :Real 0.001 !RPOM decay rate [day^-1] LRPOM_DECAY :Real 0.01 !LRPOM decay rate [day^-1] OM_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorus OM_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Stoichiometric coef. for nitrogen OM_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Stoichiometric coef. for carbon OM_STOICHIOMETRY_SI :Real 0.18 !Stoichiometric coef. for silica OM_T1 :Real 4 !Organic Matter Temperature Rate Multipliers OM_T2 :Real 25 OM_K1 :Real 0.1 !Organic Matter Temperature Rate Multipliers OM_K2 :Real 0.99 O2_OM :Real 1.4 !O2OM - Oxygen stoichiometry for organic matter decay <end_om>
<begin_BOD> BOD_DECAY :Real 0.25 !CBOD Decay Rate [day^-1] BOD_T_COEF :Real 1.0147 !BOD Temperature Rate Multiplier BOD_RATIO :Real 1.85 !Ratio of CBOD5 to ultimate CBOD BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.004 !Phosphorus/CBOD stochiometric ratio BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.06 !Nitrogen/CBOD stochiometric ratio BOD_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.32 !Carbon/CBOD stochiometric ratio <end_BOD>
<begin_oxygen> O2_METHOD :Integer 1 !Method to compute oxygen: 1 – Simple with O2_LIM; 2 – Monod curve; 3 – Ecotoxicity curve O2LIM :Real 0.1 !Dissolved oxygen concentration at which anaerobic processes begin [g m^-3] O2_K1 :Real 2.5 !Toxicity equation coefficients for oxygen consumption O2_K2 :Real 7 <end_oxygen>
<begin_nitro> NH4_DECAY :Real 0.12 !Ammonium Decay Rate [day^-1] NH4_T1 :Real 5 !Minimum Temperature (T1) NH4_T2 :Real 25 !upper temperature (T2) NH4_K1 :Real 0.1 !Multiplier factor for T1 NH4_K2 :Real 0.99 !Multiplier factor for T2 NO3_DECAY :Real 0.03 !Nitrate Decay Rate [day^-1] NO3_T1 :Real 5 !Minimum temperature (T1) NO3_T2 :Real 25 !Optimal temperature (T2) NO3_K1 :Real 0.1 !Multiplier factor for T1 NO3_K2 :Real 0.99 !Multiplier factor for T2 O2_NH4 :Real 4.57 !O2NH4 - Oxygen stoichiometry for nitrification <end_nitro>
<begin_epiphyton> NAME :Char !Name of the epiphyte E_GROWTH :Real 2 !Maximum epiphyte growth E_RESPIRATION :Real 0.04 !Maximum epiphyte respiration E_EXCRETION :Real 0.04 !Maximum epiphyte excretion E_MORTALITY :Real 0.1 !DEFAULT: 0.15 - Maximum epiphyte mortality E_HALFSAT_P :Real 0.003 ! epiphyte half-saturation P [g m^-3] E_HALFSAT_N :Real 0.014 ! epiphyte half-saturation N [g m^-3] E_HALFSAT_SI :Real 0 ! epiphyte half-saturation N [g m^-3] E_LIGHT_SAT :Real 75 ! epiphyte saturating light intensity at maximum phtosynthetic rate [W m^-2] E_T1 :Real 5 !Lower temperature for epiphyte growth (ºC) E_T2 :Real 25 ! Lower temperature for maximum epiphyte growth (ºC) E_T3 :Real 35 ! Upper temperature for maximum epiphyte growth E_T4 :Real 40 ! Upper temperature for epiphyte growth E_K1 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of epiphyte growth rate at AT1 E_K2 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum epiphyte growth rate at AT2 E_K3 :Real 0.99 !Fraction of maximum epiphyte growth rate at AT3 E_K4 :Real 0.1 !Fraction of epiphyte growth rate at AT4 E_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for phosphorus E_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for nitrogen E_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for carbon E_STOICHIOMETRY_Si :Real 0.18 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for silica E_POM :Real 0.8 !epiphyte stoichiometric coefficient for POM E_NEQUATIONNUMBER :Integer 2 !Equation for preference factor (either 1 or 2) E_AMMONIUM_PREF :Real 0.001 !half-saturation copreference constant O2_E_RESPIRATION :Real 1.1 !Stoichiometry coefficient in respiration O2_E_GROWTH :Real 1.4 !Stoichiometry coefficient in growth < end_epiphyton >
<begin_phos> OM_STOICHIOMETRY_P :Real 0.005 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorous <end_phos>
<begin_ammonia> OM_STOICHIOMETRY_N :Real 0.08 !Stoichiometric coef. for phosphorous <end_ammonia>
<begin_silica> PARTSI_DECAY :Real 0.3 !Particulate biogenic silica decay rate [day^-1] <end_silica>
<begin_dsi> OM_STOICHIOMETRY_SI :Real 0.18 !Stoichiometric coef. for silica <end_dsi>
<begin_ic> OM_STOICHIOMETRY_C :Real 0.45 !Stoichiometric coef. for carbon <end_ic>
BenthicCequalW2
DTSECONDS :Real 1200 <begin_SOD> PO4R :Real 0.001 ! Release of PO4 by SOD rate NH4R :Real 0.001 ! Release of PO4 by SOD rate SiR :Real 0.1 ! Release of Silica by SOD rate CO2R :Real 0.1 ! Release of CO2 by SOD rate O2Consumption :Integer 1 ! Sink of O2 by SOD rate DefaultO2 :Integer 1 ! If off, consumes O2 only when there is no Oxygen SODT1 :Real 4 ! T1 for temperature rate multiplier SODT2 :Real 35 ! T2 for temperature rate multiplier SODK1 :Real 0.1 ! K1 for temperature rate multiplier SODK2 :Real 0.99 ! K2 for temperature rate multiplier <end_SOD>
<begin_det> DET_DECAY :Real 0.1 ! Sediment decay rate, [day^-1] DET_T1 :Real 4 ! T1 for temperature rate multiplier DET_T2 :Real 30 ! T2 for temperature rate multiplier DET_K1 :Real 0.1 ! K1 for temperature rate multiplier DET_K2 :Real 0.99 ! K2 for temperature rate multiplier <end_det>
